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RELATION OF M. PENICADT 


INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 

BY REV. EDWARD D. NEILL. 

\ 

A friend of the navigator Humphrey Gilbert, a man of sanguine 
expectations, three centuries ago, remarked that he hoped to live to see 
the day when a letter mailed in London on the first of May, would reach 
China b}’ - midsummer, and that the Indians had asserted that a short 
and speedy route would be found between the 43d and 46th degrees of 
north latitude. 1 

The coming event cast its shadow before, and year after year, ex¬ 
plorers, propelled in frail canoes by hardy voyageurs, pushed up the 
rivers that ran into the Atlantic, and at last reached the shores of the 
great Mediterranean sea of North America, Lake Superior. 

It is appropriate that the Minnesota Historical Society should 
gather every document that will throw light on the slow but sure pro¬ 
gress of discovery west of Lake Superior toward the Pacific coast. 
Too little notice has been given to the Frenchmen, who in 1659 visi¬ 
ted the Sioux of Mille Lacs. The name of one of whom, Grosellier, 
was retained for many years on the maps as the designation of a stream 
that flows into Lake Superior, and is a part of the northern boundary of 
Minnesota. 2 Learning the inland route to Hudson’s Bay, Grosellier 
and his companion Redisson returned to Quebec in the summer of 
1660, and urged upon the French to open trade with the center 
of the continent, but the offer not being embraced, they ten¬ 
dered their services to the English, and piloted a New England 
Captain named Gillam to the River Nemiscan, where Fort Rupert was 
built. 


1. Col. State Papers. East India. London 1862, p. 80. 

2. On a map of Canada by Jefferys, published in 1762,a part of which is 
found at page 300, History of Minnesota, Pigeon River is marked 
Nalouagan, or Grosiller River. 






2 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


On the first of September, 1678, Daniel Gueysolon DuLuth left 
Quebec to continue discovery in the region west of Lake Superior, 
and in 1680, met an expedition ascending the Mississippi, consisting 
of Sieur Dacan and four Frenchmen, besides Hennepin, a Franciscan 
priest, that had been dispatched by LaSalle. 1 

When DuLuth left Minnesota, and returned to Quebec, by way of 
the Wisconsin River, a Sioux chief drew on birch bark a map of the 
Mississippi. Bellin says the earliest map of the region west of 
Lake Superior, in the Depot de la Marine, was drawn by Otciiaga, an 
Indian. 

Perrot, “ habitant du Canada,” who had been, in childhood, edu¬ 
cated by the Jesuit rqissionaries, next appears as an explorer, building 
Fort St. Nicholas at the mouth of the Wisconsin, and another on the 
west side of the Mississippi just below Lake Pepin. 

In 1687 the first map of the region west and north of Lake Supe¬ 
rior, was drawn by Franquelin, an experienced topographer, sent 
out for the purpose, 2 and in 1688 a map prepared at Paris by Tillemon 
was issued, and upon it appears Lake Buade (Mille Lacs,) Magdeline 
(St. Croix River) and Prophet (Snake River.) 3 

LeSueur, who had come into the country in 1683, with Perrot, 
built a fort in 1695 above Lake Pepin, on Isle Pelee, a few miles from 
the mouth of the St. Croix River. 

After visiting France, he accompanied Bienville, with the colony 
for the settlement of Louisiana, and in 1700 ascended the Mississippi, 
arriving at the mouth of the Minnesota on the 19th of September, 
and following the course of the stream reached the Blue Earth river, 
and on the 14th of October had completed a stockade on a small creek 
called St. Remi, in 44 deg. 13 min. north latitude. 

Among those who accompanied him was a shipwright named 
Penicai;d, a man of discernment, but little scholarship. Returning 
from the valley of the Minnesota, he passed many years among the 
tribes of the lower Mississippi. In 1721, leaving a wife in Louisiana, 
he visited France to receive medical attention for diseased eyes, and 
while there his adventures among the Choctaws, Natchez and other 
tribes were written out. Charlevoix in his list of authorities used 
in writing the History of New France, mentions the manuscript and 
says that though the style is poor, it contained interesting information. 

Early in 1869, the attention of Mr. Spofford, Librarian of Con¬ 
gress, was called to the fact that Maissoneuve & Co. of Paris, offered 
a manuscript “Relation of Penicaud” for sale, and during the summer 
he procured the same. It is a small quarto of 452 pages, divided into 
23 chapters, with convenient sub-sections, and relates to the period 


1. Relation de la Louisiane, Vol. 5, Recueil de Voyages au Nord. 

2. Bellini’s “ Remarques sur la carte de la Amerique Septentrionale.” 

U. A copy of this Map is in the New York State Library. 



RELATION OF PENICAUT. 


3 


from 1698 to 1721. It appears to have been copied or written out by 
one Francis Bouet, and that part which pertains to Minnesota is 
not as full or accurate as LeSueur’s description of the same region 
in La Harpe’s Louisiana. Indeed, some of the statements are at 
variance with LeSueur, and appear to be based on Hennepin’s de¬ 
scription. 

Hennepin, in his “ Louisiane,” published in 1683 at Paris, speaking 
of the Saint Croix River, says it is called Tomb River, because the 
Issati deposited on its banks the remains of a warrior who had died 
from the poison of a snake. Penicaud states that it was called the 
Saint Croix because of a cross planted over the remains of a voyageur, 
while LeSueur, the leader of the expedition, asserts that the river 
was named Saint Croix because a Frenchman of that name was 
shipwrecked at its mouth. 

Again. LeSueur, according to his journal, did not ascend above 
the mouth of the Minnesota, and does not mention the Falls of St. 
Anthony; while Penicaud, who was of the same party, says he visi¬ 
ted them and found the “ chute” sixty feet. Hennepin had stated 
that the fall was forty or fifty feet, divided by a pyramidical rock, in 
1683; but if the manuscript is correct, in 1700 it was ten feet higher. 

Charleville, a Canadian and kinsman of Governor Bienville, 
told DuPratz that he had visited the Falls with two Frenchmen and 
two Indians, and found the river flowing over a flat rock, and that the 
chute was only eight or ten feet, a more moderate and reliable state¬ 
ment. He also made a portage, and in a birch bark canoe ascended 
one hundred leagues beyond, and from information obtained from the 
Sioux, expressed the opinion that St. Anthony was about equi-distant 
from the sources and the mouth of the Mississippi. 1 

But notwithstanding these seeming discrepancies, Penicaud is 
generally accurate. He states, for instance, that in leaving Minne¬ 
sota early in 1702, he met at the “ Ouissconsin,” Jusserat, a Lieu¬ 
tenant from Montreal, with a party on his way to the Ouabache, as the 
Ohio was called, to establish a tannery, and Charlevoix 2 states that 
Juchereau opened an establishment at that locality. 

After LeSueur and Penicaud left the country, explorations ceased 
for some years, but in September, 1727, LaPerriere du Boucher 
landed on the shore of Lake Pepin, opposite Maiden’s Rock, and 
erected Fort Beauharnois. The next year Veranderie began his 
discoveries, and in 1734 reached Lake Bourbon, now Winnipeg. His 
son accompanied him in his explorations. 

In 1750, Legardeur de St. Pierre, 1 who had been in command at 
Fort Beauharnois, was deputed to visit the region to the northwest 
opened up by the Yeranderies, and conclude treaties of peace and 


]. Le Page DuPratz. Histoire de la Louisiane, Yol. 1, pp. 142-3. 

2. Nouvelle France, Yol. 2, p. 266. 





4 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


commerce. The fort built by Veranderie on the Red River was 
afterwards abandoned because of its nearness to those on the chain 
of lakes between Winnipeg and Superior. I. 2 Following the sugges¬ 
tions of the Frenchmen, Carver proposed to open a northern 
route to the Pacific through Minnesota, the valley of the Upper Mis¬ 
souri, over the slope of the Rocky Mountains, and then through the 
valley of a river which he called the Oregon. A century has elapsed 
since this Captain of Provincial troops, a native of Connecticut, was in 
Minnesota, and now the Northern Pacific Railway will soon follow the 
trail of the voyageur over the grazing grounds of the buffalo, into the 
defiles of the mountains, and beyond, to Puget’s Sound. Whatever 
the development of the future, the pioneers Grosellier, DuLuth, 
LeSueur, Penicaud, and the Veranderies should never be forgot¬ 
ten. Towns already bear the name of DuLuth and LeSueur, and 
how appropriate would Veranderie be for the railway crossing at 
Red River, or some place in that vicinity. 


TRANSLATION OF THE MS. 

BY A. ,T . HILL. 

Leaving the fort of the Mississippi, 3 M. de Bienville made 
us row night and day, and the day after met the vessels, where 
he consulted with M. de Surgeres upon the provisions remain¬ 
ing in them, and found that there was more than enough for 
three months. He then went to the fort at Biloxi to examine 
the goods and munitions of war in the magazines, and he in¬ 
creased the garrison by sixty Canadians, whom he added to the 
six hundred of us already there—he had brought them on his 
ship with M. le Sueur. After having embraced M. de Sauvolle 
and M. de Boisbriant, he left in the month of April of this 
year, 1700, on his second return to France. On his departure 


I. In 1753, he was stationed in Erie Co., Pa., and held an interview wdth 
young Washington. 

J. Beilin also speaks of an abandoned fort near the portage between the 
St. Croix and Bois Brule’ rivers. 

3. A post just established by him and situated eight leagues below 
English Bend. 





RELATION OF PENICAUT. 


5 


he recommended M. de Sauvolle to give M. le Sueur twenty 
men to go with him to a copper mine in the country of the 
Sioux, a nation of wandering savages living more than nine 
hundred leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi; and to 
ascend the river to the Falls of St. Anthony. M. le Sueur 
had heard of this mine some years before whilst traveling in 
the country of the Ioways, where he traded. I was ordered 
by M. de Sauvolle to go on this expedition wdiich M. le Sueur 
was going to make, because of my being a carpenter by trade, 
in the service of His Majesty, and necessary to make and repair 
shallops. I have alwa} r s been with all the parties that I have 
spoken of, and shall speak of afterwards, and thus have been 
an eye witness. To return to M. le Sueur. After he had got 
together all the necessary provisions and tools and had taken 
leave of M. de Sauvolle, he set out in the month of April of 
this year with a single shallop, in which we were but twenty- 

five persons. ****** 

* * * * . * * * 

Up to this time no one has discovered the source of the Mis¬ 
souri, any more than that of the Mississippi. 

******* 

Opposite the mouth of the Wisconsin there are four islands 
in the Mississippi, and a very high mountain on the left, half 
a league long. One can go up this river to the portage of the 
Bay of the Foxes, sixty leagues distant from the Mississippi. 
This bay 1 comes within four leagues of Lake Michigan, and is 
the way that the French pass in going to Canada when they 
return from the Sioux. Above the mouth of the Wisconsin, 
and ten leagues higher up on the same side, begins a great 
prairie extending for sixty leagues along the bank of the Mis¬ 
sissippi on the right—this prairie is called Winged Prairie. 
The further ends of these prairies reach to the mountains, 
making a very fine prospect. Opposite to the Winged Prairie 
on the left there is another prairie facing it called PaquitaneU 2 
which is not so long by a great deal. Twenty leagues above 
these prairies is found lake Good Help, which is seven leagues 

1. Original. Cette baye s ’approche de quatre lieues du lac de Michigan. 

2. The meaning of this word is not apparent. In Marquette’s narrative 

the Missouri has a similar name, Pekitanoui or Pekitanoni. H. 




6 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


long and one across, and through which the Mississippi passes. 
To the right and left of its shores there are also prairies. In 
that on the right, on the bank of the lake, there is a fort which 
was. built by Nicholas Perrot, whose name it yet bears. At 
the end of the lake you come to Bald Island, so called because 
there are no trees on it. It is on this island that the French 
from Canada established their fort and store house when they 
come to trade for furs and other merchandise, and they also 
winter here because game is very abundant in the prairies on 
both shores of the river. In the month of September they 
bring their store of meat there, procured by hunting, and after 
having skinned and cleaned it, place it upon a sort of raised 
scaffold near the cabin, in order that the extreme cold which 
lasts from the month of September to the end of March, may 
hinder it from corrupting during the winter, which is very 
severe in that country. During the whole winter they do not 
go out except for water, when they have to break the ice every 
day, and the cabin is generally built on the bank, so as not to 
have to go far. When spring arrives the savages come to the 
island, bringing their merchandise, which consists of all kinds of 
furs, as beaver, otter, marten, lynx and many others—the bear 
skins are generally used to cover the canoes of the savages and 
Canadians. There are often savages who pillage the French 
Canadian traders, among others the savages of a village com¬ 
posed of the five different nations, and which have each their 
own name, that is the Sioux, the people of the big village, the 
Mententons , the Mencouacantons , the Ouyatespony, and other 
Sioux of the plains. 

Three leagues higher up, after leaving this island, you meet 
on the right the river St. Croix, where there is a cross set at 
its mouth. Ten leagues further you come to the Falls of St. 
Anthony, which can be heard two leagues off. It is the entire 
Mississippi falling suddenly from a height of sixty feet, making 
a noise like that of thunder rolling in the air. Here one has 
to carry the canoes and shallops, and raise them by hand to the 
upper level in order to continue the route by the river. This 
we did not do, but having for some time looked at this fall of 
the whole Mississippi, we returned two leagues below the Falls 
of St. Anthony to a river coming in on the left of the Missis- 


RELATION OF PENICAUT. 


7 


sippi, which is called the river St. Peter. We took our route 
by its mouth and ascended it forty leagues, where we found 
another river on the left falling into the St. Peter, which we 
entered. We called this Green River, because it is of that 
color by reason of a green earth which, loosening itself from 
the copper mines, becomes dissolved in it and makes it green. 
A league up this river we found a point of land a quarter of a 
league distant from the woods, and it was upon this point that 
M. le Sueur resolved to build his fort, because we could not 
go any higher on account of the ice, it being the last day of 
September, when winter, which is very severe in that country, 
has already begun. Half of our people went hunting, whilst 
the others worked on the fort. We killed four hundred 
buffaloes, which were our provisions for the winter, and which 
we placed upon scaffolds in our fort, after having skinned and 
cleaned and then quartered them. We also made cabins in the 
fort, and a magazine to keep our goods. After having drawn 
up our shallop within the inclosure of the fort, we spent the 
winter in our cabins. 

When we were working on our fort, in the beginning, seven 
French traders of Canada took refuge there. They had been 
pillaged and stripped naked by the Sioux, a wandering nation 
living only by hunting and rapine. Amongst these seven 
persons there was a Canadian gentleman of M. le Sueur’s 
acquaintance, whom he recognized at once and gave him some 
clothes, as he did also to all the rest, and whatever else was 
necessary for them. They remained with us during the entire 
winter at our fort, where we had not food enough for all, except 
the flesh of our buffaloes, which we had not even salt to eat 
with. We had a good deal of trouble the first two weeks in 
getting used to it, having diarrhoea and fever, and being so 
tired of it that we hated the very smell. But little by little 
our bodies got adapted to it, so well that at the end of six 
weeks there was not one of us that could not eat six pounds of 
meat a day and drink four bowls of the broth. As soon as we 
were accustomed to this kind of living it made us very fat, and 
there was then no more sickness amongst us. 

When spring arrived we went to work on the copper mine. 
This was in the beginning of April of this year, [1701.] We 


8 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


took with us twelve laborers and four hunters. This mine was 
situated about three quarters of a league from our post. We 
took from the mine in twenty-two days more than thirty thou¬ 
sand pounds weight of ore, of which we only selected four 
thousand pounds of the finest, which M. le Sueur, who was a 
very good judge of it, had carried to the fort, and which has 
since been sent to France, though I have not learned the result. 

This mine is situated at the beginning of a very long 
mountain which is upon the bank of the river, so that boats 
can go right to the mouth of the mine itself. At this place is 
the green earth, which is a foot and a half in thickness, and 
above it is a layer of earth as firm and hard as stone, and 
black and burnt like coal by the exhalation from the mine. 
The copper is scratched out with a knife. There are no trees 
upon this mountain. If this mine is good it will make a great 
trade, because the mountain contains more than ten leagues 
running of the same ground. It appears, according to our 
observations, that in the very finest weather there is continu¬ 
ally a fog upon this mountain. 

After twenty-two da}^s’ work we returned to our fort, where 
the Sioux, who belong to the nation of savages who pillaged 
the Canadians that came there, brought us merchandises 
of furs. They had more than four hundred beaver robes, each 
robe being made of nine skins sewed together. M. le Sueur 
purchased these and many other skins which he bargained for 
in the week he traded with the savages. He made them all 
come and camp near the fort, which they consented to very 
unwillingly ; for this nation, which is very numerous, is always 
wandering, living only by hunting, and when they have stayed 
a few days in one place they have to go off more than ten 
leagues from it for game for their support. They have, 
however, a dwelling place, where they gather together the 
natural fruits of the country, which are very different from 
those of the lower Mississippi, as for instance cherries which 
are in clusters like our grapes of France, cranberries which are 
similar to our strawberries but larger and somewhat square in 
shape, nuts, chokeberries, 1 roots 2 which resemble our truffles, 


1. The alise. 2. 7'aupin am,hours in the original. 




RELATION OF PEN1CAUT. 


9 


&c. There are also more kinds of trees than on the lower part of 
the river, as the birch, 1 maple, plane, and cottonwood, which last 
is a tree that grows so thick that there are some that are fifteen 
feet round. As to the trees called maple and plane it is usual at 
the beginning of March to make notches in them, and then 
placing tubes in the notches cause the liquid to iun off into a 
vessel placed below to receive it. These trees will flow in 
abundance during three months, from the beginning of March to 
the end of May. The juice they yield is very sweet; it is 
boiled till it turns to syrup, and if it is boiled still more it be¬ 
comes brown sugar. 

The cold is still severer in these countries than it is in 
Canada. During the winter we passed in our fort we heard 
the trees exploding like musket shots, being cracked by the 
rigor of the cold. The ice is as thick as there is water in the 
river, and the snow is condensed in it. By the month of April 
all this snow and ice lies on the ground to the depth of five 
feet, which causes the overflowing of the Mississippi in the 
spring. 

About the beginning of winter in this country, that is to say 
in the month of September, the bears climb trees that are 
hollow' and hide themselves inside, where they remain from six 
to seven months without ever leaving, getting no other nour¬ 
ishment during the winter than by licking their paws. When 
they enter they are extremely lean, and when they go out they 
are so plump that they have half a foot of fat on them. It is 
almost always in the cottonwood or cypress that the bear hides 
himself, because these trees are generally hollow. In hunting 
them a tree is placed leaning against the tree where the bear 
is and reaching up to the hole by which he entered. The 
hunter climbs by this leaning tree to the other one, and throws 
into the hollow some pieces of dry wood all on fire, which 
obliges the animal to come out to save himself from being 
burned. When the bear leaves the hole of the tree he comes 
down backwards, as a man would do, and then they shoot him. 
This hunting is very dangerous, for though the animal may be 
wounded sometimes by three or four gun shots, he will still fall 


1. The merisier. 
2 




10 


MINNESOTA HISfORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


upon the first persons he meets, and with a single blow of his 
teeth and claws will tear you up in a moment. There are some 
as large as carriage horses, so strong that they can easily 
break a tree as thick as one’s thigh. The nation of the Sioux 
hunt them very much, using them for food and trading their 
skins with the French Canadians. We sell in return wares 
which come very dear to the buyers, especially tobacco from 
Brazil in the proportion of a hundred crowns the pound; two 
little horn-handled knives or four leaden bullets are equal to 
ten crowns in exchange for their merchandises of skins, and so 
with the rest. 

In the beginning of May we launched our shallop in the 
water and loaded it with this green earth that had been taken 
out of the mines and with the furs we had traded for, of which we 
brought away three canoes full. M. le Sueur, before going, 
held council with M. d’ Eraque, the Canadian gentleman, and 
the three great chiefs of the Sioux, three brothers, and told them 
that as he had to return to the sea he desired them to live in 
peace with M. d’ Eraque, whom he left in command of Fort 
L’ Huillier, with twelve Frenchmen. M. le Sueur made a con¬ 
siderable present to the three brothers, chiefs of the savages, 
desiring them never to abandon the French. After this we, 
the twelve men whom he had chosen to go down to the sea 
with him, embarked. In setting out M. le Sueur promised to 
M. d’ Eraque and the twelve Frenchmen who remained with 
him to guard the fort, to send up munitions of war from the 
Illinois country as soon as he should arrive there ; which he 
did, for on getting there he sent off to him a canoe loaded with 
two thousand pounds of lead and powder, with three of our 
people in charge of it. * * * * 

* ■* * * * * * 

In this same time 1 M. d’ Iberville had sent a boat laden 
with munitions of war and provisions, to M. de St. Denis, 
commanding the fort on the bank of the Mississippi. They 
found there M. n’ Eraque, who had arrived with the twelve 
Frenchmen, who remained with him at fort L’ Huillier. He 
came shortly after in the same boat to Mobile, where 


1. Spring of 1702. 




RELATION OF PENICAUT. 


11 


M. d’ Iberville was, whom he saluted, and reported to him that 
M. le Sueur having left him at the fort L’ Huillier, had promised 
him, in parting, to send him from the Illinois country, ammu¬ 
nition and provisions, and that having looked for them a long 
time without hearing any news of them, he had been attacked 
by the nations of the Maskoutins and Foxes, who had killed 
three of our Frenchmen whilst they were working in the woods 
but two gun shots beyond the fort; that when the savages had 
retreated he had been obliged, after having concealed the 
merchandises he had remaining, and seeing that he was out of 
powder and lead, to abandon the fort and descend with his 
people to the sea; that at the Wisconsin he had met M. 
Juchereau, criminal judge of Montreal, in Canada, with 
thirty-five men, whom he had brought with him to establish a 
tannery at the Wabash ; that he had descended with him to the 
Illinois where he had found the canoe M. de Bienville sent 
him ; that he had arrived in this canoe at the post of M. de St. 
Denis the night before the boat arrived there ; and that having 
learned from M. de St. Denis of the arrival of M. d’ Iberville 
he had taken advantage of that opportunity to pay his respects 
to him, and offer him at the same time his services. 


NOTE TO THE FOREGOING. 

Explorers and scientific men have searched for Le Sueur’s alleged 
“ copper mine” without success, and pronounce it mythical. See 
Nicollet, p. 18; Keating, Vol. I, p. 355; Featiierstonhaugii, 
Vol. I, pp. 2; 301-305. The account of the latter is so pertinent, we 
give it, somewhat abridged : 

Sept. 22. [1835.J Soon after 8 a. m. we came to the mouth of the 

Mahkatoh, or “ Blue Earth River.” This was a bold stream, about 80 
yards wide, loaded with mud of a bluish color, evidently the cause 
of the St. Peter’s being so turbid. It was not far from the mouth of 
this river that M. Le Sueur was asserted to have discovered in 1692 
an immense deposit of copper ore. No traveller had ever entered the 
river to investigate his statement; I therefore directed the head of 
the canoe to be turned into the stream. Having ascended it about a 
mile, we found a Sissiton family established with their skin lodge 



12 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


upon a sand bar. * * These people constantly asserted that they 

knew of no remains of any old fort or stone building in that part of 
the country. * * * Whilst we were negotiating this exchange, 

it began to snow for the first time this autumn. * * Pushing on, 

we passed a singular conical grassy hill on the right bank, which 
commanded all the vicinity, and appeared to be a likely situation for 
the site of Le Sueur’s Fort. * * About 12,' we came to a fork or 

branch coming in on our right, about 45 yards broad, and we turned 
into it, having a well-wooded bluff on the right bank, about 90 feet 
high. We had not proceeded three-quarters of a mile when we 
reached the place which the Sissitons had described to us as being 
that to which the Indians resorted for their pigment. This was a 
bluff about 150 feet high, on the left bank, and from the slope being 
much trodden and worn away, I saw at once that it was a locality 
which for some purpose or other had been frequented from a 
very remote period. We accordingly stopped there, whilst I examined 
the place. 

As soon as I had reached that part of the bluff whence the pigment 
had been taken, Le Sueur’s story lost all credit with me, for I 
instantly saw that it was nothing but a continuation of the seam 
which divided the sandstone from the limestone, and which I have 
before spoken of at the Myah Skah, as containing a silicate of iron 
of a bluish-green colour. The concurrent account of all the Indians 
we had spoken with, that this was the place the aborigines had always 
resorted to, to procure their pigment, and the total silence of every¬ 
body since Le Sueur’s visit respecting any deposit of copper ore, in 
this or any other part of the country, convinced me that the story 
of his copper mines was a fabulous one, most probably invented to 
raise himself in importance with the French government of that day. 
Charlevoix having stated that the mine was only a league and three- 
quarters from the mouth of the Terre Bleu, made it certain that I 
was now at that locality, and the seam of coloured earth gave the key 
to the rest. Le Sueur’s account of the mine being at the foot of a 
mountain ten leagues long, was as idle as the assertion that he had 
obtained 30,000 lbs. of copper ore in 22 days, for there is nothing like 
a mountain in the neighborhood. The bluff, to be sure, rises to the 
height of 150 feet from the river; but when you have ascended it, 
you find yourself at the top of a level prairie. * * * Finding the 

copper mine to be a fable, I turned my attention—” &c., &c. —W. 


i-N-'i 


V) 




BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MINNESOTA. 


PREPARED BY THE LIBRARIAN OK THE SOCIETY. 


NOTE. 


While I have ventured to call this article a “ Bibliography of Min¬ 
nesota,” its peculiar arrangement, departing as it does, somewhat 
from the usual rules of Bibliography, may weaken its claim to that 
title. It is little more, in reality, than a transcript of the Catalogue 
of that portion of the Library of the Minnesota Historical Society, 
which relates to this State. The collection of works and publications 
on that subject now in possession of the Society, is so nearly com¬ 
plete, that it contains almost every work which can be said to strictly 
belong to a Bibliography of Minnesota, in addition to a large 
number—(not, however, included in this paper)—which have such 
intimate relations to the subject, they might reasonably have been 
embraced in it, had not the list threatened to consume too much space. 

I have arranged the titles by subjects, believing that this plan will 
best show at a glance what has been printed in any one class or 
division; while numerous cross-references, and an index of authors, 
will, I trust, remedy any defects which that plan may have. It will 
be remarked, also, that all works are arranged chronologically. 

This is the first attempt to collect and publish a list of works rela¬ 
ting to Minnesota. It will be a matter of surprise to many, even of 
our own citizens, that so much has been printed—here and else¬ 
where—relating to a State organized as a separate commonwealth 
only twenty-one years ago; and it is sent forth in the hope that it 
may prove some aid to Librarians and Bibliographers in other States, 
no less than to our own citizens. J. F. W. 


EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND TRAVELS, 


Made prior to the organization of Minnesota as a Territory in 1849. 

Voyage ou nouvelle decouverte d’ un Tres Grand Pays 
dans L’ Amerique, entre le nouveau Mexique et la mer glaciale, 




7 

y/ia-i 


14 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

par le R. P. Louis Hennepin; Avec toutes les particularitez 
de ce Pais, & de celui connu sous le nom de LA LOUISIANE ; 
les avantages qui on en peut tirer par T establissement des 
Colonies enrichie de Cartes Geographiques. Augmente de 
quelques figures en taille douce. Avec un voyage qui contient 
une Relation exacte de Y Origine, Mraurs, Coustumes, Religion, 
Guerres & Voyages des Caraibes, Sauvages des Isles Antilles 
de L’ Amerique, Faite par le Sieur De La Borde, Tiree du 
Cabinet de Monsr. Blondel, Amsterdam. Chez Adriaan 
Braakman, Marchand Libraire pres le Dam, 1704, 16°: pp. 
xxxiv, 604, [2 maps, 6 engravings.] 

Memoire sur les Mceurs, Coustumes etRelligion des Sauva¬ 
ges de L’ Amerique Septentrionale, par Nicolas Perrot; Publie 
pour la Premiere fois par le R. P. J. Tailhan, de la Compagnie 
de Jesus. Leipzig & Paris, Librairie A. Franck. Albert L. 
Herold, 1864, 12° : pp. viii, 341, xliii. 

[See Collections of Minn. Histor. Soc., Pg. 22.] 

New Voyages to North America, giving a full account of the 
Customs, Commerce, Religion, and Strange Opinions of the 
Savages of that Country, with Political Remarks upon the 
Courts of Portugal and Denmark , and the present State of the 
Commerce of those Countries. The Second Edition, Written 
by the Baron Lahontan, Lord-Lieutenant of the French Colony 
at Placentia in Newfoundland; Now in England. London: 
Printed for J. Walthoe. J. and J. Bonwicke, J. Osborn, S. Birt, 
T. Ward, and E. Wicksteed, 1735. Two vols., 12°. Vol. I, 
pp. xxiv, 280. [2 maps ; 4 plates.] Vol. II, pp. 302. [3 

maps; 9 plates.] 

The Discovery of the Great West; by Francis Parkman. 
Boston : Little, Brown & Co., 1869, 8° : pp. 425. 

[This work covers the period from 1643 to 1689.] 

Historical Collections of Louisiana and Florida, inclu¬ 
ding Translations of original manuscripts relating to their 
Discovery and Settlement, with numerous Historical and 
Biographical Notes. By B. F. French. New Series. New 
York: J. Sabin & Sons, 84 Nassau street, 1869, 8° : pp. 362. 

The History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of 
Virginia and Carolina: Containing a Description of the 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


15 


Countries that lye on both Sides of the River Mississippi: With 
an Account of the Settlements, Inhabitants, Soil, Climate and 
Products. Translated from the French, (lately published) by 
M. Le Page Du Pratz ; with some Notes and Observations re¬ 
lating to our Colonies. In Two Volumes. London : mdcc,- 
lxiii, 16°. Vol. I, pp. VI, 368 ; [map.] Vol. II: pp. vi, 272 
[map.] 

Historical Collections of Louisiana, embracing Transla¬ 
tions of many rare and valuable Documents relating to the 
Natural, Civil and Political History of that State, etc. Part 
iv. Redfield, New York : 1852. 8° pp. 268. [Map.] 

[Entitled “Discovery and Explorations of the Mississippi_ contains 
Original Narratives of Marquette, Allouez, Membre, Hennepin and Douay.] 

Early Voyages up and Down the Mississippi. By Cava¬ 
lier, St. Cosme, LeSueur, Gravier and Guignas. V*ith an 
introduction and Notes. [By John G. Shea.] Albany: 1861, 
4°: pp.191. 

Histoire et Description Generale de la Nouvelle 
France, avec le Journal Historique d’ un Voyage fait par ordre 
du Roi dans L’ Amerique Septentrionnale. Par le P. De Charle¬ 
voix de la Compagnie de Jesus, a Paris, m. dcc. xliv. Avec 
Approbation et Privilege du Roi. Three Volumes, 4°: pp. xxvi, 
664 ; xvi, 582 and 56 ; xiv, 543. 

Travels through the Interior Parts of North America 
in the years 1766, 1767 and 1768. By J. Carver, Esq., Captain 
of a Company of Provincial Troops during the late War with 
France. Illustrated with copper plates, coloured. The third 
edition. To which is added, some account of the Author and 
a Copious Index. London: mdcclxxxi. 8° pp. 564. [2 

maps, 5 engravings.] 

-Do. Another edition, published by Isaiah Thomas & 

Co., Walpole, N. H., 1813 ; 16° : pp. 280. 

-Do. Another edition, entitled “ Carver’s Travels in 

Wisconsin.” New York : Printed by Harper & Brothers, No. 
82, Cliff Street, 1838 ; 8° : pp. 376, [2 maps, 5 engravings.] 

Carver Centenary : [See “ Collections of the Historical 
Society.”] 


16 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Exploratory Travels through,the Western Territories of 
North America : Comprising a voyage from Saint Louis, on the 
Mississippi, to the source of that river, and a journey through 
the interior of Louisiana, and the northeastern Provinces of 
New Spain. Performed in the years 1805, 1806, 1807, by 
order of the Government of the United States. By Zebulon 
Montgomery Pike. London : 1811, 4° : pp. 436, [2 maps.] 

Narrative Journal of Travels from Detroit northwest 
through the Great Chain of American Lakes to the sources of 
the Mississippi River, in the year 1820. By Henry R. School¬ 
craft. Albany: Published by E. & E. Hosford, 1821, 8°: pp. 
424. [Map, 7 illustrations.] 

Narrative of an Expedition to the source of St. Peter’s 
River, Lake Winnipeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. Performed 
in the Tear 1823, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secre¬ 
tary of War, under the Command of Stephen H. Long, U. S. 
T. E. Compiled from the notes of Major Long, Messrs. Say, 
Keating & Colhoun, by William H. Keating, A. M. &c., Pro¬ 
fessor of Mineralogy and Chemistry as applied to the Arts, in 
the University of Pennsylvania ; Geologist and Historiographer 
to the Expedition. In two Volumes. London: Printed by 
Geo. B. Whittaker, Ave Maria Lane, 1825, 8°. Vol. 1, Pp. xvi, 
458. [4 illustrations and map.] Vol. 2, Pp. vi, 404. [3 illustra¬ 
tions.] 

La Decouverte des Sources du Mississippi et de la Riviere 
Sanglante. Description du Cours entier du Mississippi, Qui 
n’etait connu, que partiellement, et d’une grand partie de 
celui de la Riviere Sanglante, presque entierement inconnue; 
ainsi que du Cours entier de l’Ohio, &c., &c. Coup d’oeil, 
sur les compagnies nord-ouest, et de la baie d’ Hudson, ainsi 
que sur la Colonie Selkirk. Preuves Evidentes, que le Missis¬ 
sippi est la premiere Riviere du Monde. Par J. C. Beltrami, 
Membre de plusieurs Academies. Nouvelle-Orleans : Imprime 
par Benj. Levy, No. 86, Rue Royale, 1824. 8°: pp. vn, 328. 

A Pilgrimage in Europe and America, leading to the 
Discovery of the Sources of the Mississippi and Bloody River ; 
with a description of the whole course of the former, and of 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


17 


the Ohio. By J. C. Beltrami, Esq., formerly Judge of a Royal 
Court in the Ex-Kingdom of Italy. In two volumes. London: 
Printed for Hunt and Clarke, York Street, Covent Garden. 
1828. 8°. Vol. I, Pp. lxxvi. 472. [2 maps, 1 engraving.] 

Vol. II, Pp. 546. [1 map, 3 engravings.] 

A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John 
Tanner (U. S. Interpreter at the Sault de Ste. Marie,) during 
Thirty Years’ Residence among the Indians in the Interior of 
North America. Prepared for the Press by Edwin James, M. 
D., Editor of an account of Major Long’s Expedition from 
Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains. New York : G. & C. & H. 
Carvill, 108 Broadway. 1830. 8°: pp. 426. [Portrait of 

Tanner and numerous wood cuts.] 

[Tanner spent a number of years, during his captivity, in Minnesota, and 
some of his descendants yet live in the State.] 

Narrative of an Expedition through the Upper Mississippi 
to Itasca Lake, the actual source of this River ; embracing an 
exploratory trip through the Saint Croix and Burntwood (or 
Broule) Rivers; in 1832. Under the direction of Henry R. 
Schoolcraft. New York: Published by Harper & Brothers, 
No. 82 Cliff Street. 1834. 8° : pages 307. [3 maps.] 

Summary Narrative of an Exploratory Expedition to 
the Sources of the Mississippi River, in 1820, resumed and 
completed by the Discovery of its origin in Itasca Lake, in 
1832. B} t authority of the United States. With appendixes, 
&c., together with all the Official Reports and Scientific Papers 
of both Expeditions. By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Philadel¬ 
phia : Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1855. 8°: pp. 596. [Maps 
and Illustrations.] 

The Rambler in North America, mdcccxxxii—mdcccxxxiii. 
By Charles Joseph Latrobe, author of the “ Alpenstock,” etc. 
In two volumes. New York : Published by Harper & Brothers, 
No. 82, Cliff Street, and sold by the principal booksellers 
throughout the United States. 1835. 12°. Vol. 1, Pp. vn, 

243. Vol. 2, Pp. 242. 

Notes on the Wisconsin Territory ; particularly with refer¬ 
ence to the Iowa District, or Black Hawk Purchase. By 
3 


18 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Lieutenant Albert M. Lea, United States Dragoons. Phila¬ 
delphia: H. S. Tanner—Shakspeare Buildings. 1836. 24°: 

[with map :] pp. 53. 

A Canoe Voyage up the Minnay Sotor ; with an account 
of the Lead and Copper Deposits in Wisconsin; of the Gold 
Region in the Cherokee Country; and sketches of popular 
manners, &c., &c., &c. By G. W. Featherstonhaugh, F. R. 
S.; F. G. S.; Author of “ Excursion through the Slave States.” 
In two Volumes. London : Richard Bentley, New Burlington 
Street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majest}'. 1847. 8°. Vol. 
I, Pp. xiv, 416. [6 engravings and map.] Vol. II, Pp. vn, 
351. [1 engraving.] 

Report intended to illustrate a Map of the Hydrographical 
Basin of the Upper Mississippi River, made by I. N. Nicollet; 
while in employ under the Bureau of the Corps of Topographi¬ 
cal Engineers. January 11, 1845. Washington: Blair & 
Rives, Printers. 1845. 8° : pp. 170. 

Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with 
the Indian Tribes on the American Frontiers: with brief 
notices of passing events, facts, and opinions. A. D. 1812 to 
A. D. 1842. By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Philadelphia: Lip- 
pincott, Grambo and Co., Successors to Grigg, Elliott & Co. 
1851. 8°: pp. xlviii, 703. 

[This work lacks an index, which greatly impairs its value.J 

A Summer in the Wilderness ; embracing a Canoe Voyage 
up the Mississippi and around Lake Superior. By Charles 
Lanman, author of “ Essays for Summer Hours,” etc. “ And 
I was in the Wilderness alone.”— Bryant. New York: D. 
Appleton & Company, 200 Broadway, &c. mdcccxlvii. 

12°: pp. 208. 

Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and 
Minnesota; and incidentally of a portion of Nebraska Terri¬ 
tory. Made under instructions from the United States Treasury 
Department. By David Dale Owen, United States Geologist. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


19 


Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1852. 4° : pp. 638. 
[72 wood cuts; 27 steel plates; 18 colored maps, stone and 
copper.] 

*** All the above are strictly Minnesota books—the authors of them having 
travelled in some portion of the State, as it now is. In addition to these, 
the student of Minnesota history should consult DuPratz, Charlevoix, the N. 
Y. Colonial Documents, &c., for incidental references to the region now 
known as Minnesota. 


MINNESOTA: HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE AND 
STATISTICAL. 

The Homes of the New World ; Impressions of America. 
By Frederika Bremer. Translated by Mary Howitt. “ Sing 
unto the Lord a new Song .”—Psalm xcvi. In two volumes. 
New York : Harper*& Brothers, Publishers, 329 and 331, Pearl 
street, Franklin Square. 1864. 12°. Vol. I, Pp. xn, 651. 

Vol. II, 654. 

[Miss Bremer visited Minnesota in 1849; sixty-three pages of the 2d Vol. 
are devoted to it.] 

Sketches of Minnesota, the New England of the West. 
With Incidents of Travel in that Territory during the Summer 
of 1849. In two Parts. By E. S. Seymour. With a Map. 
New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 82 Cliff street. 
1850. 12°: pp. 281. [Map.] 

[Mr. Seymour lived at Galena, and made a short trip through Minnesota in 
1849. His work is interesting and well written, and for three or four years 
was the only work descriptive of Minnesota accessible to the public. He is 
said to have died in 1852.] 

Report of the Secretary of War, communicating the 
report of an Exploration of the Territory of Minnesota, by 
Brevet Captain Pope. March 21, 1850. 8° : pp. 56. 

[Ex. Doc. No. 42. 31st Congress, 1st Session.] 

Pembina Settlement. Letter from the Secretary of War, 
transmitting report of Maj. Wood, relative to his Expedition 
to Pembina Settlement, and the condition of affairs on the 
North-Western frontier of the Territory of Minnesota. March 
19, 1850. 8°: pp. 55. 

[Ex. Doc. No. 51: 31st Congress, 1st Session.] 



20 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Minnesota Year Book for 1851, by W. G. Le Due. Pub¬ 
lished by W. G. Le Due, Bookseller and Stationer, St. Paul, 
Minnesota Territory. 12° : pp. 51. 

-do, for 1852 : 12° : pp. 98 : [cut.] 

-do, for 1853 : 12° : pp. 37 : [map.] 

Minnesota and its Resources, to which are appended 
Camp-fire Sketches, or Notes of a Trip from Saint Paul to 
Pembina and Selkirk Settlement on the Red River of the 
North. By J. Wesley Bond. Redfield, 110 and 112, Nassau 
Street, New York. 1853. 12°: pp. 364. [Map, and numerous 
illustrations.] 

Do. do. Tenth (?) Edition. Ke6n & Lee, No. 148 Lake 
Street, Chicago, Illinois. Charles Desilver, No. 253, Market 
Street, Philadelphia. 1856. [Map and numerous illustra¬ 
tions.] Pp. 412. # 

[The back is titled “ Minnesota as it Is.”] 

Survey, etc., of Road from Mendota to Big Sioux River. 
Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting Report of the 
Survey, &c., of road from Mendota to the Big Sioux River. 
By Capt. J. L. Reno, U. S. A. April 28, 1854. 8° : pp. 12. 

[Ex. Doc. No. 97: 33d Congress, 1st Session.] 

The Minnesota Messenger, containing Sketches of the 
Rise and Progress of Minnesota; Tables of Distances from 
Different Points; Directions to Strangers; and various other 
Information, invaluable to the Traveller and Business Man. 
Saint Paul, M. T. A. D. Munson, Editor and Publisher. 
1855. 8° : pp. 78. 

Rise and Progress of Minnesota Territory, Including a 
Statement of the Business Prosperity of Saint Paul; and In¬ 
formation in Regard to the Different Counties, Cities, Towns 
and Villages in the Territory, Etc. St. Paul: Published by 
C. L. Emerson, Minnesota Democrat Office, 1855. Royal 8° : 
pp. 64. 

Minnesota and the Far West, by Laurence Oliphant, 
Esq., Late Civil Secretary and Superintendent-General of 
Indian Affairs in Canada. Author of “ The Russian Shores of 
the Black Sea,” &c. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh 




bibliography. 


21 


and London, mdcccly. 8° : pp. xiv, 306. [Map ; 13 illus¬ 
trations.] 

[Originally published in Blackwood’s Magazine.] 

The Immigrant’s Guide to Minnesota in 1856. By an Old 
Resident. St. Anthony: W. W. Wales, Bookseller and Pub¬ 
lisher. 12° : pp. 116. [5 wood cuts.] 

The Minnesota Handbook, for 1856-7. With a new and 
accurate map. By Nathan H. Parker, author of u Iowa as it 
Is,” &c. Boston: John P. Jewett and Company, mdccclvii. 

12° . p p . 159 . [Map.] 

Minnesota and Dacotah : In letters descriptive of. a Tour 
through the Northwest, in the Autumn of 1856. With In¬ 
formation Relative to Public Lands, and a Table of Statistics. 
By C. C. Andrews, Counsellor at Law; Editor of the Official 
Opinions of the Attorneys General of the United States. 
Washington: Robert Farnham. 1857. 12°: pp. 215. 

Floral Home ; or, First Years of Minnesota. Early 
Sketches, Later Settlements, and Further Developments. B\ r 
Harriet E. Bishop. New York: Sheldon, Blakeman & Com¬ 
pany. 1857. 12°: pp. 342. [Portrait of Author, and nu¬ 

merous Illustrations.] 

Minnesota : Address delivered at the Broadway House, 
New York, on the 27th March, 1857, by Ignatius Donnelly, 
Esq. New York: Folger & Turner, Printers, No. 118 John 
Street. 1857. 12°: pp. 16. 

A Guide to Emigrants to Minnesota. By a Tourist. St. 
Paul: Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 1857. 12°: pp. 23. 

The Emigrant’s Guide to Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
Containing a Correct History of all the Towns on the Missis¬ 
sippi River and its Tributaries, from Dubuque to its Head 
Waters. Also, all the Principal Towns in Minnesota. Pub¬ 
lished by J. Q. A. Ward, and M. V. B. Young, St. Paul. 
Printed at the Minnesotian Office. 1857. 24° : pp. 184. 

The History of Minnesota : From the Earliest French 
Explorations, to the present time. By Edward Duffield Neill, 
Secretary of the Minnesota Historical Society. “ Nec falsa 


22 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

dicere , rec vera reticere.” Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & 
Co. 1858. 8°: pp. 628. [4 maps.] 

-Do. do. Large Paper Copy; with 36 steel engravings 

illustrating Indian Life, 8 steel portraits and 5 maps. 

Minnesota : or “ A Bundle of Facts,” going to Illustrate 
its Great Past, the Grand Present, and her Glorious Future ; 
by a Southern Pre-Emptor. [ Thomas B. Winston.] 5,000 
copies issued for gratuitous circulation. New Orleans: Pub¬ 
lished by J. B. Steel, No. 60 Camp Street. 1858. 24° : pp. 32. 

Minnesota : Its Place among the States. Being the First 
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Statistics, for the Year 
ending Jan. 1, 1860. Published by authority of law. Hart¬ 
ford : Press of Case, Lockwood and Company. 1860. 8° : 

pp. 174. 

Minnesota: Its Progress and Capabilities. Being the 
Second Annual Report of the Commissioner of Statistics, for 
the Years 1860 and 1861. Saint Paul: Wm. R. Marshall, 
State Printer. 1862. 8°: pp. 127. 

[Joseph A. Wheelock was Commissioner of Statistics, 1860-63.] 

Statistics of Minnesota, pertaining to its Agriculture, 
Population, Manufactures, etc., etc., for 1869. Being the 
First Annual Report of the Assistant Secretary of State 
[Pennock Pusey] to the Governor. Made according to law. 
Saint Paul: Press Printing Co. 1870. 8° : pp. 152. 

Emigration, with special reference to Minnesota, U. S. and 
British Columbia. By Thomas Rawlings. London: Clayton 
& Co., Printers. 8° : pp. 24. Map. [1864.] 

Notes upon the Geology of some portions of Minnesota, 
from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State. By James 
Hall. 1866. 4° : pp. 12. 

Geology and Minerals. A Report of Explorations in the 
Mineral Regions of Minnesota during the Years 1848, 1859 
and 1864, by Col. Charles Whittlesey. Printed by order of 
the General Assembly [of Minnesota]. Cleveland: Herald 
Office. 1866. 8°: pp. 54. 

Minnesota as a Home for Immigrants. Being the First 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


23 


and Second Prize Essays awarded by the Board of Examiners 
appointed Pursuant to an Act of the Legislature of the State 
of Minnesota. Approved March 4, 1864. St. Paul: Pioneer 
Printing Company. 1866. 8° : pp. 84. 

[I. Mary J. Colburn. II. W. R. Smith.] 

Hand Book of Minnesota : Describing its Agricultural, 
Commercial and Manufacturing Resources, and other Capabili¬ 
ties of Producing Wealth; also, its Physical and Social 
Conditions and Its Future. By Rufus Blanchard. Chicago : 
Blanchard & Cram. 1867. 18°: pp. 64. 

Tourists and Invalid’s Guide to the Northwest. Con¬ 
taining Information about Minnesota, Wisconsin, Dacota, and 
the Lake Superior Region. Compiled by Charles H. Sweetser, 
New York. 1867. 8° : pp. 50. 

Upper Mississippi ; or, Historical Sketches of the Mound 
Builders, the Indian Tribes, and the Progress of Civilization 
in the Northwest; from A. D. 1600 to the Present Time. By 
George Gale. Chicago : Clarke and Company. 1867. 12° : 

pp. 460. [ With portrait of Author. ] 

Minnesota: Its Advantages to Settlers. Being a brief 
Synopsis of its History and Progress, Climate, Soil, Agricul¬ 
tural and Manufacturing Facilities, and Social Status; Its 
Lakes, Rivers and Railroads; Homestead and Exemption 
Laws; Embracing a concise Treatise on its Climatology, in a 
Hygienic and Sanitary Point of View ; Its unparalleled Salu¬ 
brity, Growth and Productiveness, as compared with the Older 
States, and the elements of its Future Greatness and Pros¬ 
perity. For Gratuitous Circulation. Order Copies to any 
Address, from Girart Hewitt, St. Paul, Minn. 1867. 8° : pp. 36. 

[This is usually called “ Hewitt’s Pamphlet.” 150,000 copies of this have 
been issued.] 

Tourist’s Guide to the Upper Mississippi River : Giving all 
the Railroad and Steamboat Routes Diverging from Chicago, 
Milwaukee & Dubuque toward Saint Paul, etc. Compiled by J. 
Disturnell. New York. 1868. 12°: pp. 92. [Maps.] 

Dakota Land ; or the Beauty of Saint Paul. An Original, 
Illustrated, Historic and Romantic Work, presenting a Combi- 


24 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


nation of Marvellous Dreams and Wandering Fancies, 
Singular Events and Strange Fatalities, all interwoven with 
Graphic Descriptions of the Beautiful Scenery and Wonderful 
Enchantment in Minnesota. To which is added “ A Round 
of Pleasure,” with interesting Notes of Travel, Maps, etc., 
and Forming a Comprehensive Guide to the Great North West. 
By Col. Hankins, Editor of “ The New York Home Gazette,” 
&c. 1868 : Hankins & Son, Publishers, New York. 12°: pp. 

460. [Illustrations and Map.] 

Address of the Minnesota Irish Emigration Convention, 
held in the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota, Jan. 20, 1869, to 
the People of Ireland. Saint Paul: North Western Chronicle 
Print. 1869. 8°: pp. 22. 

The Minnesota Guide. A Hand Book of Information for 
the Traveller, Pleasure Seekers & Immigrants, concerning all 
Routes of Travel to and in the State; Sketches of the Towns 
and Cities in the Same, etc., etc. [By J. F. Williams .] Saint 
Paul: E. H. Burritt & Co. 1869. 16°: pp. 100. [9 cuts, 1 

map.] 

Minnesota as it is in 1870. Its General Resources and 
Attractions * * * with special descriptions of all its 

Counties and Towns. * * * By J. W. McClung. St. Paul: 
Published by the Author. 1870. 12°: pp. 300. [Map.] 

The Seat of Empire. By Charles Carleton Coffin. 
(“Carleton.”) Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co. 1870. 12°: 

pp. 232. [Map ; 6 engravings.] 

Minnesota Gazetteer and Business Directory._ See 

“ State Gazetteers and Directories.” 

Edwards’ Descriptive Gazetteer of the Mississippi River. 
—See do. do. 

The Sioux War of 1862-3. See “ The Indian Tribes of 
Minnesota.” 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


25 


EMIGRATION DOCUMENTS, IN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. 

Nachrichten uber Minnesota. Gesammelt von Eduard 
Pelz. Hamburg, 1858. 8° : pp. 25. 

Ueber Auswanderung. Von Ed. Pelz. Besonderer Ab- 
druck aus der “Deutschen Auswanderer—Ztg.” No. 47-49. 
Bremen, 1864. 12° : pp. 25. 

Die Auswanderung mit besonderer Beziehung auf Min¬ 
nesota und British Columbia. Von Thomas Rawlings. Aus 
dem Englishen ubertragen und eingeleitet, von Eduard Pelz. 
Hamburg: Hoffman & Campe, 1866. 12°: pp. 63. 

Minnesota in Seinen Hauptyerhaltnissen. Emigrations- 
Monographie von Eduard Pelz. Dritte Auflage. Hamburg: 
Hoffman & Campe. 1866. 8°: pp. 52. 

Minnesota og dets Fordele for Invandreren, &c. 
Uddeles gratis. La Crosse, Wis. Trykt: Fadrelandets Officin. 
1867. 12° : pp. 30. [Written by Hon. H. Mattson,] 

Minnesota och dess Fordelar for Invandraren ; &c. 
Utdelas Gratis. Chicago : Svenska Amerikanarens Boktryckeri, 

1867. 12° : pp. 29. [By H. Mattson.] 

Minnesota, (Vereenigde Staten von Nord-Amerika) in 
zijne Hulpbronnen, Vruchtbaarheid en Ontwikkeling Geschetst, 
voor Landverhuizers en Kapitalisten door J. H. Kloos, in- 
genieur. Amsterdam: H. de Hoogh. 1867. 8°: pp. 54. 

Another Edition. With Map. pp. 61. 

Inlichtingen omtrent den St. Paul en Pacific-Spoorweg, 
medegedeeld door W. v. O.B. Schriver van “ Amerikaanische 
Fondsen als Geldbelegging.” Amsterdam: H. de Hoogh. 

1868. 8°: pp. 20. 

Minnesota das Central-Gebiet Nord Americas. In seinen 
Hauptverhaltnissen dargestellt, von Eduard Pelz. Leipzig: 
Verlagsbuchandlung von J. J. Weber. 1868. 8°: pp. 31. 

Staten Minnesota; Nordamerika. Dens Fordele for den 
Skandinaviske Invandrer med saerligt hensyn til jordbrugeren. 
Af Soren Listol, Medredaktor af “ Nordisk Folkblad.” 1869-70. 
4 


26 


MINNESOTA IIISfORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Udgivet for Statens Regning. Uddeles Gratis. Nordisk 
Folkeblad Officin, Minneapolis. 1869. 12°: pp. 25. 

Minnesota als eine Heim at fur Ein wanderer. Dritte 
Jahresausgabe, publizirt in Auftrage des Staates. St. Paul, 
Minn. 1869. Staats-Zeitung Officin. 8°: pp. 40. 


TOWN AND COUNTY HISTORIES. 

An Address giving the Early History of Hennepin County 
delivered before the Minneapolis Lyceum, by Col. John H. Ste¬ 
vens, and published by Order of the Lyceum. Minneapolis : 
Printed at the North-Western Democrat Office. 1856. 8°: 

pp. 12. 

Opinion and Decision of Hon. A. G. Chatfield, between 
adverse claimants to lands in the Town site of Hastings. St. 
Paul. 1857. 8°: pp. 20. 

Advantages and Resources of Houston County, Minnesota. 
Hokah, Minn. Published by Reynolds and Wertz. Printed at 
the Hokah Chief Office. 1858. 18° : pp. 34. 

History of Fillmore County, Minnesota, with an outline 
of her Resources, Advantages, and the Inducements she offers 
to those seeking Homes in the West, By J. W. Bishop, C. E. 
Chatfield, Minn.: Holly & Brown, Printers, Republican Office. 
1858. 12°: pp. 40. [Map.] 

City of Winona and Southern Minnesota : a Sketch of 
their Growth and Prospects, with General Information for the 
Emigrant, Mechanic, Farmer and Capitalist. D. Sinclair & 
Co., Publishers. 1858. 8° : pp. 36. 

School Law : with the Rules and Regulations of the Board 
of Education of the City of St. Anthony. Thomas & Clark, 
Printers, St. Anthony. 1860. 12°: pp. 15. 

The Charter and Amendments thereto, and Ordinances 
of the City of St. Anthony. Printed and published by 
authority of the Corporation. Thomas & Clark, City Printers. 
1861. 




BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


27 


Commercial, Advertiser Directory, for Saint Anthony and 
Minneapolis; to which is added a Business Directory. 
1859-1860. H. E. Chamberlain, Publisher. Saint Anthony & 
Minneapolis. Printed by Croffut & Clarke, News Office. 
1859. 8°: pp. 162. 

Summary Statement of the General Interests of Manufac¬ 
ture and Trade connected with the Upper Mississippi. By 
Hon. David Heaton. Together with the Hydrographical Survey 
and Geology of the Mississippi River from Fort Snelling to St. 
Anthony Falls, by T. M. Griffith and Dr. C. L. Anderson. 
Published by the Board of Trade of Minneapolis and St. 
Anthony. 1862. 8°: pp. 12. 

Minneapolis Directory, for the years 1865-6, comprising a 
complete Directory of citizens and business firms, a classified 
Business Directory, and city and county Register. Price, $2. 
Minneapolis: E. P. Shaw, Publisher. 1865. 8°: pp. 99. 

Winona Directory for 1866-67: Comprising a Complete 
List of all residents in the City; City and County Officers, 
Churches, Public Schools, etc. Compiled by John M. Wolfe, 
Winona. A. Bailey, Publisher. 1866. 8°: pp. 124. 

Geographical and Statistical History of the County 
of Olmsted, together with a general view of the State of 
Minnesota, from its Earliest Settlement to the present time. 
By W. H. Mitchell. Rochester, Minn.: Shaver & Eaton, 
Printers. 1866. 16°: pp. 121. 

History and Business Directory of Wright County. 
Classified by Towns. Containing a Correct and Concise History 
of Each Town and Village in the County, together with a 
Classified List of all Business Houses, Statistics of Population, 
Wealth, Increase, Crops, &c. Published by George Gray, 
Statesman Office, Monticello, Minn. 1867. 16° : pp. 32. 

Mankato and Blue Earth County. A Brief Review of 
the Past, Present and Future of the City, together with its 
Geographical and Commercial Position, its Schools, Churches, 
Public Halls, Assessed Valuation and Rapid Growth in 1866, 
&c., &c. By Wm. B. Griswold, Editor Mankato Union. 
Printed by Griswold & Neff, Union Office. 1867. 12°: pp. 20. 


28 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


A View of St. Anthony Falls, Present and Prospective: 
being a Report of the Manufacturing, Commercial and General 
Advantages of St. Anthony Falls, Minnesota. By W. D. 
Storey Minneapolis: Atlas Printing House. 1867. 8°: pp. 

37. 

Waseca County in Minnesota, as a Home for Immigrants. 
By Jas. E. Child. Published and for sale at the Wilton 
Weekly News Office, Wilton, Minn. 1867. 18° : pp. 52. 

Geographical and Statistical History of Steele County, 
from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time ; Embracing 
Leading Incidents of Pioneer Life, Names of Early Settlers, 
Nature of Soil, Advantages to Settlers, &c., &c. By W. H. 
Mitchell. Minneapolis: Tribune Printing Company. 1868. 
16°: pp. 97. 

Dakota County. Its Past and Present, Geographical, Sta¬ 
tistical and Historical, together with a General View of the 
State ; by W. H. Mitchell. Tribune Printing Company, Min¬ 
neapolis. 1868. 16°: pp. 162. [Steel plate of Gen. Sibley 

and six wood cuts.] 

Geographical and Statistical History of the County of 
Hennepin, embracing Leading Incidents in Pioneer Life, the 
Names of the Early Settlers, and the Progress in Wealth and 
Population to the Present Time. By W. H. Mitchell and J. H. 
Stevens. Minneapolis: Russell & Belfoy, Printers. 1868. 
16°: pp. 149. 

A Record of Rice County, Minn., in 1868, being a Review 
of the Settlement, Growth and Prosperity of the County, and 
a Brief Description of its Towns and Villages. By F. W. 
Frink. Faribault: Printed at the Central Republican Office. 
1868. 12°: pp. 24. 

Blue Earth County : Its Advantages to Settlers. A De¬ 
scription of its History, Progress, Climate, Soil, Agricultural, 
Manufacturing & Commercial Facilities. To which is added a 
Brief Description of the Other Counties of Southwestern Min¬ 
nesota. By J. A. Willard, of Mankato. Published by J. C. 
Wise, “ Record” Office, Mankato, Minn. 1868. 8°?pp. 20. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


29 


The Water Power of the Falls of St. Anthony. 1868. 
Third Annual Report of Manufacturing Industry at the Cities 
of Minneapolis and St. Anthony, Minnesota, &c. Minneapo¬ 
lis. 1869. 8°: pp. 16. 

Faribault County, Minnesota : Its History, Towns, Climate, 
Improvements, Villages, Civil, Religious, Moral and Educa¬ 
tional Institutions, &c., &c. [No imprint.] 12°: pp. 24. 
[1868?] 

Supreme Court: January Term, 1868. Village of Man¬ 
kato, Respondent, vs. Jno. A. Willard and Sheldon T. Barney, 
Appellants, &c., &c. 12° : pp. 38. 

• [Supreme Court brief, containing quite a full account of tlie early settle¬ 
ment of Mankato.] 

Board of Trade of the City of Mankato. Articles of 
Corporation, By-Laws, Officers, Committees and Members. 
Organized Sept. 16, 1868. Mankato, Minnesota. Mankato 
Union Print. 1869. 8° : pp. 14. 

Capt. P. B. Davy’s Expedition. Printed April, 1868, at 
Bh>e Earth City, Minn., in the Office of the “South West.” 
12°: pp. 24. 

[Most of it is a Sketch of Blue Earth City.] 

Rules and Regulations for the government of the Public 
Schools in the City of Red Wing, Minnesota. 1869. Argus 
Printing House. 1869. 

Sale of Fort Snelling Reservation. Letter from the 
Secretary of War, transmitting Papers Relative to the Sale of 
the Fort Snelling Reservation. Dec. 10, 1868. 8°: pp. 107. 

[Ex. Doc. No. 9. 40th Congress, 3d Session; H. of R. Contains a valuable 
Documentary History of Fort Snelling, and other historical facts.] 

Strangers’ Guide in Minneapolis and Surrounding Country. 
With a complete and accurate description of all Places and 
Objects of Interest to Tourists, Artists, Sportsmen, &c. Tables 
of Distances, Statistics, &c. Prepared by a Resident [Newton 
H. Chittenden?] Minneapolis: Tribune Printing Company. 
1869. 16°: pp. 40. 

Geographical and Statistical Sketch of the Past and 
Present of Goodhue County, together with a general view of 


30 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


the State of Minnesota. By W. H. Mitchell, Minneapolis: 
O. S. King’s Book and Job Printing House. 1869. 16°: 

pp. 191. [4 wood cuts.] 

Report of the Select Committee to which was referred that 
part of the Message of the Governor of Minnesota relating to 
Duluth, as a Harbor and Port of Entry. Saint Paul: Pioneer 
Printing Company. 1870. 8°: pp. 21. [Map.] 

Mankato —Dedication of First Presb. Church: see “ Ser¬ 
mons,” &c. 

Minneapolis —Westminster Presby. Church. Do. do. 

- Parish Manual of Gethsemane Church: see 

“ Churches.” 

Saint Paul —Institution of the Masonic Order: see “ Ma¬ 
sonic.” 

- Catalogues of Baldwin School and Female 

Seminary : see “ Catalogues,” &c. 

Saint Anthony —Catalogues of Sigourney Boarding School 
and State University. Do. do. 

Red Wing —Catalogues of Hamline University. 

- Manual of First Presbyterian Church of: 

see u Churches,” &c. 

- Stone Heaps at: see Yol. I, Histor. Soc. Coll. 

Faribault —Catalogues of St. Mary’s Hall, &c.: see “ Cata¬ 
logues.” 

- Bishop Seabury Mission: see “ Churches.” 

Northfield —Do. of Northfield College : see “ Catalogues.” 

Wasioja —Do. of Minnesota Seminary. Do. do. 

Fort Snelling —See Mrs. Eastman’s “ Dahcotah.” 

- List of early Steamboat Arrivals at: see Yol. I, 

Histor. Soc. Collections. 

- Occurrences from 1819 to 1840 : see Yol. H. Do. 





BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


31 


STATE GAZETTEERS AND “ DIRECTORIES.” 

Minnesota Gazetteer, and Business Directory for 1865. 
Containing a List of Cities, Villages and Post Offices in the 
State; a list of Business Firms, etc., etc. With much other 
Useful Information. Saint Paul: Groff & Bailey, Publishers. 
1865. 8°: pp. 399. 

Merwin’s Business Directory of Minnesota, for 1869-70. 
Containing a Classified List, Alphabetically Arranged by 
Towns, of Business Firms, Manufacturing Establishments, 
etc., etc. Saint Paul: Heman Merwin, Publisher. 1869. 
8°: pp.308. 

Edward’s Descriptive Gazetteer and Commercial Direc¬ 
tory of the Mississippi River, from Saint Cloud to New 
Orleans, embracing Historical and Descriptive Sketches of all 
the Cities, Towns and Villages, etc., etc. Published by Edwards, 
Greenough & Deved, St. Louis. 1866. 8°: pp. 1170. [Maps 

and numerous cuts.] 


RELATIONS OF MINNESOTA TO THE NORTHWEST. 

Speech of the Hon. Wm. H. Nobles, together with Other 
Documents, relative to an Emigrant Route to California 
and Oregon, through Minnesota Territory. Printed by Order 
of the House of Representatives. Saint Paul: Olmsted & 
Brown, Territorial Printers. 1854. 8° : pp. 13. 

Report from a Select Committee of the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives, on the Overland Emigration Route from Minnesota 
to British Oregon. With an Appendix. Printed by order of 
the H. of R. St. Paul: Earle S. Goodrich, State Printer. 
1858. 8°: pp. 100. 

Proceedings of a Public Meeting of Citizens of Minnesota, 
in favor of a Semi-Weekly Overland Mail from Saint Paul to 
Puget Sound. Held Jan. 3, 1859. Saint Paul: Pioneer 
Printing Company. 1859. 8°: pp. 16. 

Memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of Saint Paul, rela- 



32 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


tive to the Navigation of the Red River of the North. 
Presented to the House of Representatives, Feb. 10, 1859, by 
the Hon. James M. Cavanaugh, of Minnesota. Washington, 
1859. 8°: pp. 15. 

The New North West. By Burdett Hart, Fair 

Haven, Conn. [From the New Englander for Nov., 1859.] 

8°: pp. 21. ^ 

North-West British America, and Its Relations to the 
State of Minnesota. By James W. Taylor. Printed as a 
Supplement to the Journal of the House of Representatives, 
Session of 1859-60. St. Paul: Newson, Moore, Foster & Co., 
Printers. 1860. 8°: pp. 53. 

-Do. Do. Another edition, from type of the “ Minne- 

sotian & Times.” March 3, 1860. [With map.] 

Relations between the United States and North-West British 
America. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, in answer 
to a Resolution of the House of 20th May last, &c. [Exec. 
Doc. No. 146 : 37th Congress, 2d Session.] 8°: pp. 85. July 
11, 1862. 

Idaho : her Gold Fields, and the Routes to them. A Hand 
Book for Emigrants. By Capt. Jas. L. Fisk, A. Q. M. 1863. 
New York : John A. Gray, Printer. 18° : pp. 99. [Map.] 

[Reprint of the foregoing.] 

Expedition of Capt. Fisk to the Rocky Mountains. Let¬ 
ter from the Secretary of War in answer to a resolution of the 
House of Feb. 26. Transmitting report of Captain Fisk of his 
late expedition to the Rocky Mountains and Idaho. 8° : pp. 39. 

[March 3, 1864. Ex. Doc. No. 45: 38th Congress, 1st Session.] 

Capt. Fisk’s Fourth Expedition from Saint Cloud, Minne¬ 
sota, to the Great Gold Fields of Montana, &c. 3d edition. 
St. Paul: Press Printing Company. 1866. 12°: pp. 12. 

[The Winnipeg Rebellion :] Message of the President of 
the U. S. communicating, in compliance with a resolution of 
the Senate, information, &c. Feb. 3, 1870. [Ex. Doc. No. 
33.] 8° : pp. 52. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 33 

Minnesota and the Far West. —See “ Historical, Descrip¬ 
tive,” &c. 

Minnesota and Dacotah. — Do. do. 

Emigrant’s Guide to Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota.— Do. 
Tourist’s and Invalid’s Guide to the North West.— Do. 


HYDROGRAPHY OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI. 

Survey of Upper Mississippi River. Letter from the 
Secretary of War, in answer to a resolution of the House * 
* * with General Warren’s report of the Surveys of the 

Upper Mississippi River and its Tributaries. 8° : pp. 116. 

[Senate Doc. : 39th Congress, 2d Session. Feb. 15,1867.] 

-Do. Report of Gen. Warren for year ending June 30, 

1861. 8° : pp. 6. 

[“Appendix D;” Report of the Chief of Engineers. Ex. Doc. No. 1: H. 
of R.; 40th Congress, 2d Session. Dated Sept. 14,1867.1 

-Do. Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting 

General Warren’s report of a Survey of the Upper Mississippi 
River. 8°: pp. 10. 

[Ex. Doc. No. 247: 40th Congress, 2d Session. April 8, 1868.] 

-Do. Report of Gen. Warren for Year ending June 30. 

1868. 8°: pp. 86. 

[“Appendix G; ” Report of the Chief of Engineers. Ex. Doc. I, Part 2: IT. 
of R.; 40th Congress, 3d Sesssion. Dated Aug. 31,1868.] 

“ Certain Physical Features of the Upper Mississippi 
River.” A paper read by Gen. G. K. Warren before the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science; 
Chicago, Ill. Aug. 5-12, 1868, 8° : pp. 6. 

Nicollet’s Report on the Hydrography of the Upper Mis¬ 
sissippi.—See “ Early Explorations and Travels.” 

Edward’s Directory of the Mississippi River.— See 
“ Gazetteers,” &c. 

Hydrographical Survey of the Mississippi, between Fort 
5 






34 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Snelling and St. Anthony Falls.—See “ Town and County 
History.” 

The Water Power of the Falls of St. Anthony.— See do. 
Memoir on the Physical Geography of Minnesota.— See 
Vol. I, Hist. Soc. Collec. 


THE INDIAN TRIBES OF MINNESOTA. 

Dahcotah ; or Life and Legends of the Sioux around Fort 
Snelling. By Mrs. Mary Eastman ; with preface by Mrs. C. M. 
Kirkland. Illustrated from drawings by Capt. Eastman. New 
York : John Wiley, 161 Broadway. 1849. 12°. Pp. xiii, 268. 

The Romance of Indian Life. By Mrs. Mary H. Eastman. 
With other tales, Selections from the Iris, an illuminated 
Souvenir. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 1853. 
8°. Pp. vi, 298. [10 illustrations.] 

[Mrs. Eastman now resides in Washington City, D. C.] 

Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition 
of the North American Indians. Written during eight years’ 
Travel amongst the wildest Tribes of Indians in North America ; 
by Geo. Catlin. In two volumes, with 150 illustrations, &c. 
Philadelphia: Willis P. Hazard. 1857. Pp. 792. 

Dahkotah Land and Dahkotah Life, with the History of 
the Fur Traders of the extreme Northwest during the French 
and British Dominions. By Edw. D. Neill. Philadelphia: 
Lippincott & Co. 1859. 8°: pp. 239. , 

[This is a reprint of a portion of Neill’s History of Minnesota.] 

The Sioux War : What has been done by the Minnesota 
Campaign of 1863 : What should be done during a Dakota 
Campaign of 1864, Etc. By James W. Taylor. Saint Paul: 
Press Printing Co. 1863. 8°: pp. 16. 

History of the Sioux War and Massacres of 1862 and 1863 ; 
by Isaac Y. D. Heard. With Portraits and Illustrations. New 
York: Harper & Brothers. 1864. 8° : pp. 354. [33 engrav¬ 

ings.] 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


35 


Mrs. Eastlick’s Narrative [of Captivity among the Sioux ] 

1863. 12°: pp. 37. 

Dakota War Whoop; or Indian Massacres and War in 
Minnesota. By Harriet E. Bishop McConkey. Saint Paul: 
Published by D. D. Merrill. Press Printing Company. 1863. 
12°: pp. 304. 

Dakota War Whoop : or, Indian Massacres and War in 
Minnesota, of 1862-’3. By Harriet E. Bishop McConkey, 
Author of “ Floral Homes,” &c. Revised Edition. Saint 
Paul: Published for the Author. Wm. J. Moses’ Press, 
Auburn, N. Y. 1864. 12° : pp. 429. 

Miss Coleson’s Narrative of her Captivity Among the 
Sioux Indians ! An Interesting and Remarkable Account of 
the Terrible Sufferings and Providential Escape of Miss Ann 
Coleson, a Victim of the late Indian Outrages in Minnesota. 
Philadelphia: Published by Barclay & Co. 1864. 8° : pp. 70. 

[Several illustrations.] 

Six Weeks in the Sioux Tepees : a Narrative of Indian 
Captivity, by Mrs. Sarah F. Wakefield. Second Edition. 
Shakopee : Argus Printing Office. 1864. 12°: pp. 63. 

A History of the Great Massacre by the Sioux Indians, 
in Minnesota, including the personal narratives of many who 
escaped. By Charles S. Bryant, A. M. and Abel B. Murch. 
(8th thousand.) Cincinnati: Rickey and Carroll, Publishers. 

1864. 12° : pp. 504. [7 illustrations.] 

Effort & Failure to Civilize the Aborigines. Letter to 
Hon. N. G. Taylor, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, from 
Edward D. Neill, late Secretary Minnesota Historical Society. 
Washington : Government Printing Office. 1868. 

Taopi and His Friends ; or the Indian’s Wrongs and Rights. 
Philadelphia : Claxton, Remsen and Haffelfinger. 1869. 12°. 

Pp. xvm, 125. [ With portrait of Taopi. ] 

White and Red ; a Narrative of Life among the North 
West Indians; by Helen C. Weeks. With 8 illustrations by 
A. P. Close. N. Y. Published by Hurd & Houghton. 1869. 

12°: pp. 266. 

[Originally printed in the Riverside Magazine.] 


36 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Tah-koo Wah-kan ; or, the Gospel among the Dakotas ; by 
Stephen R. Riggs, A. M., Missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. 
and author of the Dakota Grammar & Dictionary. With an 
Introduction by S. B. Treat, Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M. 
Boston : Cong. Sabbath-School and Publishing Society. 1869. 
12°: pp. 491. [3 illustrations.] 

Reminiscences of Hole-in-the-Day (Elder and Younger;) 
Julius T. Clark ; and Rev. A. Brunson. Wisconsin Historical 
Collections. Vol. V, pages 378-409. [Madison. 1869. 8°.] 

Historical and Statistical Information Respecting the 
History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the 
United States : Collected and prepared by Henry R. Schoolcraft, 
LL. D. Illustrated by Seth Eastman, Capt. U. S. A. Pub¬ 
lished by Authority of Congress. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 
Grambo & Co. 1851-1857. 4°. 

[This magnificent work contains hundreds of references, passim , to Minne¬ 
sota and her Indian Tribes, while the illustrations of Capt. Eastman almost 
wholly refer to this State, its Indian population, and its scenery. The fol- 
owing papers relate entirely to Minnesota:] 

Vol. I. Geographical Memoranda respecting the Discovery of the Missis¬ 
sippi River, with a Map of its Source, pp. 133-149; Minnesota, pp. 
181-192; Dacotahs of the Mississippi, by Dr. Thos. S. "Williamson, 
pp. 247-256; Census of Dakotahs, p. 498. 

Vol. II. The Dacotah Tribe, p. 37; Natural 1 Caves in the Mississippi 
River banks in the Sioux Country, by I. N. Nicollet, p. 95. 

Vol. III. Sioux, or Dakota proper, by P. Prescott, pp. 225-247; The Gods 
of the Dakotas, by Capt. S. Eastman, p. 485; The Giant’s Feast and 
Dance, do. p. 487; Indian Population of the Upper Mississippi, 
1806, by Lieut. Z. M. Pike, pp. 562-570; Sioux Population in 1836, pp. 
612-615. 

Vol. IV. Manners, Customs, and Opinions of the Dakotas, by P. Pres¬ 
cott, pp. 59-72; Demoniacal Observances of the Dakotahs, by Capt. 
Eastman, pp. 495-501; Bibliography of Dakota Books, p.546; Power 
and Influence of Dakota Medicine Men, by Rev. G. H. Pond pp 
635-655. 

Vol. V. Education among the Dakotas, by Rev. S. R. Riggs, pp. 695-698* 
Sioux Population of the Seven Tribes in 1851, by P. Prescott, p. 10ll 

Vol. VI. War between the Chippewa and Sioux, p. 387; Cession of Terri¬ 
tory in Minnesota by the Chippewas, p.482; Religion and Mytho¬ 
logical Opinions of the Mississippi Valley Tribes, p. 647. 

“ The Mound Builders, &c.” By Geo. Gale.—See “ Histori¬ 
cal, Descriptive,” &c. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 37 

Perrot—Moeurs, Coutumes, Religion, &c., des Sauvages.— 
See “ Early Explorations,” &c. 

Hennepin— do. 

La Hontan— do. 

Carver’s Travels.—See “ Early Explorations,” &c. 

Tanner’s Narrative of Captivity.— do. 

Schoolcraft—“ Personal Memoirs,” etc. do. 


DAKOTA BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

In preparing this list of Dakota works, (all of which were written in 
Minnesota, for missions located in this State, and a number of which were 
also printed here,) I must acknowledge my obligation to Rev. S. R. Riggs, 
now of Ft. Wadsworth, D. T., who kindly revised the list, adding interesting 
notes, and inserting in the proper chronological order some titles not on our 
catalogue, at the same time presenting us with copies of the works, thus 
making our collection on this subject very complete. 

Sioux Spelling Book, designed for the use of native 
learners. By Rev. J. D. Stevens, Missionary. 12°: pp. 22. 
Boston : Crocker and Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1836. 

Wiconi Owihanke Wanin Tanin kin. 12° : pp. 23. Boston : 
Crocker and Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1837. 

[This little tract contains Dr. Watts’ Second Catechism for Children, 
translated into the Dakota Language by Joseph Renville, Sen., and Dr. T. S. 
Williamson.] 

The Dakota First Reading Book. By Gideon H. Pond 
and Stephen R. Riggs. 18°: pp. 50. Cincinnati, Ohio: 
Kendall and Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. 1839. 

Joseph Oyakapi kin. The Story of Joseph and his Brethren, 
translated from Genesis by Revs. Gideon H. and Samuel W. 
Pond. 18° : pp. 40. Cincinnati: Kendall and Henry, for the 
A. B. C. F. M. 1839. 

Extracts from Genesis and the Psalms: with the Third 
Chapter of Proverbs, and the Third Chapter of Daniel, in the 
Dakota Language. Translated from the French Bible as pub¬ 
lished by the Am. Bible Society, by Joseph Renville, Sr. 
Compared with other translations, and prepared for the press 



38 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


by Thomas S. Williamson, M. D., Missionary. Cincinnati: 
Kendall and Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. 18° : pp. 72. 1839. 

Wotanin Waxte Markus Owa kin. The Gospel according 
to Mark, in the Language of the Dakotas. Translated from the 
French by Joseph Renville, Sr.: written out and prepared for 
the press by Dr. Thomas S. Williamson, Missionary. Cincin¬ 
nati : Kendall and Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. 18°: pp. 
96. 1839. 

Extracts from the Gospels of Matthew, Luke, and John, from 
the Acts of the Apostles, and from the First Epistle of John, 
in the Language of the Dakota or Sioux Indians. Translated 
from the French as published by the Am. Bible Society, by 
Joseph Renville, Sr. Written and prepared for the press by 
Thomas S. Williamson, M. D., Missionary. Cincinnati: Ken¬ 
dall and Henry. 18°: pp. 48. 1839. 

Wowapi Mitawa : Tamakoce kaga. My Own Book. Pre¬ 
pared from Rev. T. H. Gallaudet’s “ Mother’s Primer,” and 
“ Child’s Picture Defining and Reading Book,” in the Dakota 
Language. By S. R. Riggs, A. M., Missionary of the A. B. C. 
F. M. Boston: Crocker and Brewster. Square 12°: pp. 64. 
1842. 

Wowapi Inonpa. The Second Dakota Reading Book. Con¬ 
sisting of Bible Stories from the Old Testament. By Rev. 
S. W. Pond. Boston : Crocker and Brewster, for the A. B. C. 
F. M. 18°: pp. 54. 1842. 

Dakota Dowanpi kin. Dakota Hymns. Boston: Crocker 
and Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. 18° : pp. 97. 1842. 

[These Hymns were composed 'in the Dakota Language by Mr. Joseph 
Renville and sons, and the Missionaries of the Am. Board.—S. R. R.] 

Woahope Wikcemna kin. (Sheet.) The Ten Command¬ 
ments and the Lord’s Prayer, in the, Dakota Language. Boston. 
1842. 

Eliza Marpi-cokawin, Raratonwan Oyato en Wapiye sa: 
qa Sara Warpanica qon. A narrative of pious Indian women. 
Prepared in Dakota by Mrs. M. A. C. Riggs. Boston : Crocker 
and Brewster, for the Am. Tract Society. 12° : pp. 12. 1842. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


39 


Wicoicage Wowapi qa Odowan Wakan, etc. The Book of 
Genesis, a part of the Psalms, and the Gospels of Luke and 
John. Cincinnati,Ohio : Kendall and Barnard, for the A. B. C. 
F. M. 12°: pp. 295. 1842. 

[These translations were made partly from the original Hebrew and Greek, 
and partly from the French, by Dr. T. S. Williamson, Rev. G. H. Pond, S. R. 
Riggs, and Joseph Renville, Sen. 1—S. R. R.J 

Jesus Ohnihdewicaye cin Aranyanpi qon ; qa Palos 
Wowapi kage ciqon; nakun, Jan Woyake ciqon dena cepi. 
Tamakoce okaga. The Acts of the Apostles, and the Epistles 
of Paul; with the Revelation of John ; in the Dakota Language. 
Translated from the Greek, by Stephen R. Riggs, A. M. 
Published by the Am. Bible Society. Cincinnati: Kendall and 
Barnard. 12°: pp. 228. 1843. 

Dakota Wiwangapi Wowapi. Catechism in the Dakota 
or Sioux Language. By Rev. S. W. Pond, Misssionary of the 
A. B. C. F. M. New Haven, Conn.: Printed by Hitchcock 
and Stafford. 12° : pp. 12. 1844. 

Dakota Tawoonspe. Wowapi I. Tamakoce kaga. Dakota 
Lessons. Book I. By S. R. Riggs, A. M., Missionary of 
A. B. C. F. M. Louisville, Ky.: Morton and Griswold. 
Square 12°: pp. 48. 1850. 1 2 

Dakota Tawoonspe. Wowapi II. Dakota Lessons. Book 
II. By S. R. Riggs, Missionary, etc. Louisville, Ky.: Morton 
and Griswold. Square 12°: pp. 48. 1850. 2 

Dakota Tawaxitku Kin. The Dakota Friend, a small 
monthly paper in Dakota and English, published at Saint Paul 
by the Dakota Mission. Rev. G. H. Pond, Editor. 1850-2. 

[In all, 20 numbers were published. The first 12 (Vol. I) were in a small 
three column size. The second volume was enlarged to four columns. The 
first number was issued in Nov. 1850. It is asserted that there is but one 
other instance known of a periodical being published in an American 
aboriginal tongue, viz., among the Cherokees.—W.] 


1. Mr. Renville died at Lac qui Parle in 1846. Notices of him may be found 
in Rev. E. D. Neill’s History of Minnesota, and also in “The Gospel among 
the Dakotas ” by S. R. Riggs. 

2. The printing of these two little books was superintended by Rev 
Robert Hopkins, who was drowned at Traverse des Sioux on the 4th of 
July, 1851. 




40 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota Language, collected 
by the members of the Dakota Mission. By Rev. S. R. Riggs* 
A. M., Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. Under the patronage of 
the Historical Society of Minnesota. Printed by R. Craighead, 
53 Vesey Street, New York, 1852 ; for the Smithsonian Insti¬ 
tution, Washington City. 4° : pp. 34 ; 338. 

An English and Dakota Vocabulary. By Mrs. M. A. C. 
Riggs. 8° : pp. 120. 1852. [This material is included in the 
larger work, put in this smaller form for the use of Dakota 
schools.] 

[Having lived twenty-eight years in Minnesota, twenty-five of which was 
among the-Dakotas, Mrs. Riggs died in Beloit, Wis., March 22, 1869.] 

Dakota Odowan. Hymns in the Dakota Language with 
Tunes. Edited by S. R. Riggs, Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. 
Published by the American Tract Society, New York. 1855. 
12°: pp. 127. 

The Pilgrim’s Progress, by John Bunyan; in the Dakota 
language; translated by Stephen R. Riggs, A. M., Missionary 
of A. B. C. F. M.. Published by the American Tract Society, 
150 Nassau Street, New York. 18° : pp. 264. 1857. 

[A second edition has been printed. From this on, our books have been 
nearly all stereotyped.—S. R. R.] 

The Constitution of Minnesota, in the Dakota language ; 
translated by Stephen R. Riggs, A. M. By order of the 
Hazlewood Republic. Boston : Press of T. R. Marvin & Son, 
42 Congress Street. 12°: pp. 36. 1858. 

Wowapi Nitawa. Your own Book. A Dakota Primer for 
schools. By S. R. Riggs. Square 12° : pp. 32. Minneapolis. 
1863. 

Dakota Odowan. Hymns in the Dakota Language. Edit¬ 
ed by Stephen R. Riggs and John P. Williamson, Missionaries 
of the A. B. C. F. M. Published by the American Tract So¬ 
ciety, New York. 1863. 18° : pp. 162. 

[This book is electrotyped. Four editions have been printed. To the last, 
published in 1869, twenty pages of new matter were added. The book now 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


41 


has pp. 182, and contains 170 Hymns and Chants. The initials of the authors 
are appended—“Mr. R.,” “J.R.,” “A.R.,” “T.S. W.,” “G. H. P.,” “S. W. 
P.,” “J. P. W.“A. W. H.,” “L. L.” and “A. D. F.”]l 

Dakota Wiwicawangapi kin. Dakota Catechism. Prepared 
from the Assembly’s Shorter Catechism. By S. R. Riggs, 
Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. Published by the American 
Tract Society, New York. 24°: pp. 36. 1864. 

[Two editions have been printed.] 

Woonspe Itakihna. Ehakeun okaga. “ Precept upon Pre¬ 
cept,” translated into the Dakota Language by John B. Ren¬ 
ville. Prepared for the press by S. R. Riggs. Published by 
the American Tract Society, Boston. 18° : pp. 228. 1864. 

Oowa Wowapi. The book of Letters ; an illustrated school 
book. By John P. Williamson, Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. 
Printed for the mission by the American Tract Society, New 
York. 12°: pp. 84. 1865. 

Dakota Wowapi Wakan kin. The New Testament in the 
Dakota Language ; translated from the original Greek, by Ste¬ 
phen R, Riggs, A. M., Missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. New 
York: American Bible Society. 16°: pp. 408. 1865. 

W icoicage Wowapi, Mowis owa: qa Wicoie Wakan kin, 
Solomon kaga. Pejihuta Wicashta Dakota iapi en kaga. The 
Books of Genesis and Proverbs in the Dakota Language; 
translated from the original Hebrew, by Thomas S. Williamson, 
A. M., M. D. New York: American Bible Society. 1865. 
16°: pp. 115. 

Dakota A. B. C. Book. By S. R. Riggs. Chicago: Dean 
and Ottawary. Square 12° : pp. 40. 1866. 

Dakota A. B. C. Wowapi kin. The Dakota Primer. B} r 
S. R. Riggs, Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. New York : Amer¬ 
ican Tract Society. Square 12° : pp. 64. 1868. 

The Book of Psalms. Translated from the Hebrew into the 


1 The initals “A. W. H.” and “A. D. F.” stand for Amos W. Huggins and 
Antoine D. Freniere. The former was killed at his home at Lac-qui-Parle on 
the 19th of August, 1862, the second day of the outbreak. Notices of Mr. Hug¬ 
gins may be found in “ The Gospel among the Dakotas.” Mr. Freniere, who 
was himself a half-breed, was killed by hostile Indians, in the summer of 
1863, as he descended the Missouri River in a canoe, alone.—S. R. R. 

6 



42 


MINNESOTA HISfORtCAL COLLECTIONS. 


Dakota language, by S. R. Riggs, Missionary of the A. B. C. 
F. M. New York: American Bible Society. 16°: pp. 133. 
1869. 

The Books of Exodus and Leviticus. Translated from the 
Hebrew into the Dakota language, by T. S. Williamson, M. D., 
Missionary of A. B. C. F. M. New York: American Bible 
Society. 16° : pp. 65 and 47. 1869. 

Wakantanka Ti Ki Canku. [ Path to Heaven .] By Rev. 
A. Ravoux. 2d edition. St. Paul: Pioneer Printing Com¬ 
pany. 1863. 18° : pp. 88. 

Calvary Wiwicawangapi Wowapi, &c. (Calvary Catechism 
in the Dakota language.) Translated for the Mission of St. 
John. Faribault, Minn.: Central Republican Office. 1864. 
24°: pp. 50. 

[By Rev. S. D. Hinman ?] 

Ikce Wocekiye Wowapi. Qa Isantanka Makoce. Kin en 
Token Wohduze, qa okodakiciye Wakan en Tonak^a Woecon 
kin, hena de he Wowapi kin ee. Samuel Dutton Hinman, 
Missionary to Dakotas. St. Paul: Pioneer Printing Company. 
1865. 12°: pp. 321. 

[A translation of the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer.] 

Odowan. [Hymns.~\ Philadelphia: McCalla & Stavely, 
Printers. 1869. 24°: pp. 26. 

[By Rev. S. D. Hinman?] 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Della Vita E Degli Scritti di Costantino Beltrami da Ber¬ 
gamo. Scropritore delle Fonti del Missisipi, di Gabriele 
Rosa. Bergamo, dalla Tipografia Pagnoncelli: 1861. 12°: 

pp. 34. 

Costantino Beltrami da Bergamo. Notizie e Lettere pub- 
blicate per cura del Municipio di Bergamo, e dedicate alia 
Soeieta’ Storica di Minnesota. Bergamo, dalla Tipografia 
Pagnoncelli. 1865. 8° : pp. 134. [Photo, of Beltrami.] 

Serving our Generation. A Discourse Commemorative of 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


43 


the Life Work of John D. Ford, M. D. Delivered in the First 
Baptist Church, Winona, Nov. 3, 1867. By Rev. George M. 
Stone. Winona: Green & Gile, Printers. 1867. 12°: pp. 

18. [Photographic portrait.] 

The Poets and Poetry of Minnesota —See “ Poetical and 
Literary.” 

Tanner, John —See Tanner’s Captivity. 

Taopi (or “ Wounded Man”)—See “ The Indian Tribes,” &e. 

Sketch of J. N. Nicollet —See vol. I, Hist. Soc. Coll. 

Sketch of Joseph Renville —See do. do. 

Sketch of J. M. Goodhue —See do. do. 

Sketch of Constantine Beltrami —See Vol. II, Hist. Soc. 
Collections. 

Sketch of Carver —See Carver Centenary. 


* MILITARY. 

Correspondence on the Occasion of the Presentation by 
Major Gen. Sanford, United States Minister, Resident at the 
Court of Brussels, of a Battery of Steel Cannon, to the State 
of Minnesota, for the use of the First Minnesota Regiment of 
Volunteers. St. Paul: Press Printing Company. 1862. 8°: 

pp. 12. 

[War Record of Minnesota.] Annual Report of the Adju¬ 
tant General of the State of Minnesota for the year ending 
Dec. 1, 1866, and of the Military Forces of the State, from 
1861 to 1866. Saint Paul: Pioneer Printing Company. 1866. 
8°: pp. 805. 

History of the Third Regiment Infantry Minnesota Vol¬ 
unteers, with the Final Record of the Original Regiment. Com¬ 
piled by C. W. Lombard. Faribault: Central Republican 
Office. 1869. Pp. 16. 



44 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


MASONIC. 

By-Laws of St. Paul Lodge No. 1, of Free and Accepted 
Masons; and of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. Adopted 1849. 
St. Paul: Printed by J. A. Aitkenside. 1849. 16°: pp. 36. 

[Contains a brief History of the establishment of the Order in this State.] 

Installation Address to St. Paul Lodge No. 3, by Brother 
A. C. Smith, P. M., delivered on the evening of Dec. 22, 1857, 
the 237th Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims. Print¬ 
ed by order of the Lodge. St. Paul: Pioneer & Democrat 
Office. 8° : pp. 10. 

Public Celebration of St. John the Baptist’s Day, by 
Winona Lodge No. 18, A. F. & A. M. Dedication of their 
Hall and Address, by the M.\ W.\ A. T. C. Pierson, G.\ M.\, 
at Winona, June 24, 1863. St. Paul: Pioneer Printing Com¬ 
pany. 1863. 8° : pp. 19. 

Public Installation of the Officers of Hennepin Lodge 
No. 4, A. F. & A. M., at Minneapolis, Minn., Dec. 27, 1862, 
and Address by the M.\ W.\ A. T. C. Pierson, G.*. M.\ St. 
Paul: Pioneer Printing Company. 1863. 8°: pp. 19. 

Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Ac¬ 
cepted Masons, of Minnesota, at its Grand Annual Communica¬ 
tions in the City of St. Paul; from February 25, A.\ L.\ 5853, 
to January 14, A.*. L.\ 5869. St. Paul: Pioneer Book and 
Job Printing Company. 1869. 8° : pp. 695. 

Ceremonial for a Lodge of Sorrow. Compiled and Ar¬ 
ranged by A. T. C. Pierson, 33, for Ancient Landmark Lodge, 
No. 5, at the request of H. L. Carver, W.\ M.*. St. Paul : 
Pioneer Printing Company. 1869. 12°: pp. 19. 


RAILROADS. 

The Railroad System of the State of Minnesota, with its 
Connections. By James W. Taylor. Reported to the Com¬ 
mon Council of the City of St. Paul, March 31, 1859, in pursu¬ 
ance of a Resolution of the City Council. 1,009 copies ordered 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 45 

printed by the St. Paul Common Council. St. Paul: Geo. W. 
Moore, City Printer. 1859. 8° : pp. 22. 

An Act Proposing a Loan of State Credit to the Land Grant 
Railroad Companies ; with arguments in favor of its Approval 
by the People. St. Paul: Pioneer and Democrat Office. 8°: 
pp. 32. 

Issue of Minnesota State Bonds to Land Grant Railroads. 
St. Paul: Pioneer and Democrat Office. 1858. 8° : pp. 8. 

In Supreme Court of the United States, December Term, 
1855. The United States vs. the Minnesota and North Western 
Railroad Company. Motion for the United States. C. Cush¬ 
ing, Attorney General. 8°: pp. 11. 

Memorial of the Minnesota and North Western Railroad 
Company to His Excellency James Buchanan, President of the 
United States. 1857. New York : 8° : pp. 12. 

Charter, By-Laws and Rules and Regulations of the Minne¬ 
apolis and Cedar Valley Railroad Company. Adopted by the 
Board of Directors at a Session held at Northfield, July 9, 1857. 
St. Paul: Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 1857. 

First Annual Report of the President and Directors of the 
Minnesota Central Railway Company ; with the Report of the 
Chief Engineer and Superintendent; also, a Compilation of 
Acts of the Legislature, and of Congress, relating to the same. 
January 1, 1866. Minneapolis: 1866. 8°: pp. 88. 

An Act to Incorporate the Nininger and St. Peter Western 
Railroad Company. Approved March 4, 1857. St. Paul: 
Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 1857. 8°: pp. 13. 

The Minnesota Valley Railroad Company, St. Paul, Min¬ 
nesota. Organized March 16, 1864. Grants of Land, Char¬ 
ter and Laws upon which the organization is based. St. Paul: 
Pioneer Office. 1866. 8° : pp. 46. 

Trust Deed, Securing the First Mortgage Bonds, with Plan 
of Preferred Stock, First and Second Issue. Minnesota Valley 
Railroad Company, St. Paul, June, 1867. Ramaley & Hall, 
Printers. 8° : pp. 39. 

The Minnesota Valley Railroad, forming Part of the Ex- 


46 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


tension of the Union Pacific Railroad, via Sioux City and St. 
Paul, to Lake Superior. Its Construction and Resources. 
Office, St. Paul, Minnesota. New York: 1868. 8°: pp. 8. 

[Map.] 

Agreement and Mortgage of St. Paul and Sioux City Rail¬ 
road Company, Securing Special Stock. St. Paul: Dispatch 
Printing Company. 8°: pp. 16. \n. cL] 

Grant of Lands to the Minnesota and Pacific Railroad Com¬ 
pany, and others, together with Act of Congress in Relation to 
the Same. St. Paul: Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 1857. 
8°: pp. 27. 

-Do. Do. The Acceptance of the Grant, and By-Laws 

of the Company. St. Paul: Goodrich, Somers & Co. ? Printers. 
1857. 8°: pp. 39. 

First Report of the Officers of the Minnesota and Pacific 
Railroad Company. Presented January 12, 1858. St. Paul: 
Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 8°: pp. 20. 

First Division of the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Com¬ 
pany, St. Paul, Minn. Organized February 6, 1864. Grants 
of Land, Charter, Agreement and Proceedings upon which the 
Organization is based. New York : 1865. 8° : pp. 88. [Map.] 

Rapport van den Ingenieur, J. H. Kloos, omtrent den St. 
Paul-en Pacific Spoorweg, en de waarde der Landerijen, uit- 
makende het onderpand der 7 pCt Obligatien. [Printed at 
Amsterdam, 1866.] 8° : pp. 14. 

The First Division of the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad 
Company, St. Paul, Minnesota. Main Line, from St. Anthony 
to Breckenridge. Organized February 6, 1864. Grants of 
Land, Charter, &c. St. Paul: 1868. 8° : pp. 84. 

Guide to the Lands of the First Division of the St. Paul 
and Pacific Railroad Company. Main and Branch Lines, &c. 
St. Paul, Minnesota: Pioneer Printing Company. 1868. 8° : 

pp. 25. [Numerous Maps.] 

A Guide to the Winona and St. Peter Railroad Lands : 
Winona, Minn. 1865. Milwaukee : Sentinel Printing House. 

8°: pp. 11. 



Bibliography. 


47 


Southern Minnesota Railroad Company. Prospectus, with 
Charter, Land Grants, Map, Statistics, etc. New York: 
Brown & Hewitt, Printers, 37 Park Row. 1865. 8° : pp. 78. 

[Map.] 

-Do. Another edition : 1868. pp. 32. [Map.] 

Prospectus of the Southern Minnesota Railroad. Maps 
and Statistics. * * New York : Brown & Hewitt, Printers, 

30 Frankfort street. 1869. 8° : pp. 20. [Maps.] 

Statement of the St. Paul and Chicago Railway Company. 
Respecting the issue of its First Mortgage Land Grant Sinking 
Fund Bonds, &c. St. Paul: Ramaley & Hall, Commercial 
Office. 1867. 8°: pp. 15. [Map.] 

Circular of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota 
Railway Company. [N. Y., 1869.] 8°:pp. 36. [Map.] 

An Act to Incorporate the Lake Superior and Mississippi 
Railroad Company, approved March 8, 1861. Also, An 
Amendment, approved March 6, 1863. St. Paul: Press Print¬ 
ing Company. 1863. 8°: pp. 15. 

State and Congressional Legislation relating to the Lake 
Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company. St. Paul: Press 
Print. 1864. 8°: pp. 33. 

-Do. With report of the Engineer, pp. 33. 

Legislation Relating to the Lake Superior and Mississippi 
Railroad Company. Printed by D. Ramaley. St. Paul: 1864. 
8°: pp. 24. 

Report of the Engineer of the Lake Superior and Missis¬ 
sippi Railroad Co. St. Paul: Press Print. 1864. 8° : pp. 7. 

The Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, Connecting 
the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers and the Railroad System 
of Minnesota and California with Lake Superior. St. Paul: 
Press Printing Company. 1864. 8°: pp. 11. 

-Do. Another edition, with Map. pp. 56. Press Print¬ 
ing Company. 1866. 

-Do. Another edition, [no imprint.] pp. 71. [Map.] 

-Do. Another edition. Press Printing Company. 1868. 

pp. 76. [Map.] 










48 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Pacific Railroad Surveys. Letter from the Secretary of 
War, [Jeff. Davis] transmitting Reports of Surveys, &c., of 
Railroad Routes to the Pacific Ocean. [House of Reps. Ex. 
Doc. No. 46, 33d Cong., 1st session, February 6, 1854.] 8°: 

pp. 118. 

Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the 
most practicable and economical Route for a Railroad from the 
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direc¬ 
tion of the Secretary of War, in 1853-4, according to Acts of 
Congress of March 3, 1853 ; May 31, 1854, and August 5, 
1854. [Thirteen Volumes, quarto.] Washington: 1855-60. 

SINGLE PAPERS. 

1. Route near the 47th and 49th Paralells of North Latitude. Vol. 1. pp. 

39-55. 

2. Synopsis of a report of the Reconnoisance of a Railroad Route from 

Puget Sound via South Pass to the Mississippi River. By Fred. W. 
Lander, Civil Engineer. Washington, D. C.. 1856. pp. 45. Vol. II. 

Volume XII , Parts I and II, are wholly devoted to the Northern Route , viz : 

Part I. 1. Narrative and final Report of Exploration for a Route for a Pa¬ 
cific Railroad near the 47th and 49th paralells of North Latitude, from 
St. Paul to Puget Sound, by Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of Washington 
Territory. 1855. pp. 358:41. [2 Maps. 1 Profile, 70 Engravings.] 

Part II. 2. Botanical Report, pp, 7-76; 6 plates. 3; Zoological Report; 
pp. 1-399. Plates 76. 

The Great Commercial Prize, addressed to every American 
who values the prosperity of his country. By Charles C. Coffin, 
a member of the Boston Press. Boston: A. Williams & Co., 
100 Washington street. 1858. 8° : pp. 23. 

Speech of Hon. James Shields, of Minnesota, on the 
Pacific Railroad Bill; delivered in the Senate of the United 
States, January 7, 1859. Washington; 1859. 8°: pp. 6. 

Pacific Railroad. Minority Report, of Hon. C. Aldrich, 
from the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad, submitting 
considerations in favor of the Northern Route. House Doc. 
No. 428, 36th Cong., 1st Sess., April 16, 1860. 8° : pp. 9. 

Pacific Railroad—Northern Route. Letter of Hon. Isaac 
I. Stevens, Delegate from Washington Territory, to the Rail¬ 
road Convention of Washington and Oregon, called to meet 
at Vancouver, W. T., May 20,1860. Washington : T. McGill, 
Printer. I860. 8°: pp. 24. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


49 


Northern Pacific Railroad Company. Policy for the man¬ 
agement of its affairs, adopted by the Board of Directors, Jan. 
11, 1865. 8°: pp. 4. [No imprint.] 

Boston Board of Trade. Report on the Northern Pacific 
Railroad, made to the Government of the Board, and unani¬ 
mously adopted, November 27, 1865. Boston: 1865. 8°: 

pp. 22. 

Northern Pacific Railroad. Memorial of the Board of 
Direction of the Company, with communications from Lieut. 
Gen. Grant, Br. Maj. Gen. Meigs, Q. M. G.; and Brv. Maj. 
Gen. Ingalls, A. Q. M.; and Report of the Engineer in Chief. 
Nov., 1867. [Senate Mis. Doc. No. 9, 40th Cong., 2d Sess., 
Dec. 17, 1867.] 8°: pp. 39. [Map.] 

-Same ; another edition. Case, Lockwood & Co., Hart¬ 
ford : pp. 56. [2 Maps.] 

Northern Pacific Railroad. Statement of its Resources 
and Merits, as presented to the Pacific Railroad Committee of 
Congress, H. R., by Hon. J. Gregory Smith, Hon. R. D. Rice, 
of Maine; Hon. Wm. B. Ogden, of Chicago; Gov. Marshall, 
of Minn., and Edwin F. Johnson, Civ. Eng., March, 1868. 
Washington: Intelligencer Pr. House. 8°: pp. 24. 

Letter upon the Agricultural and Mineral Resources of the 
North-Western Territories, on the Route of the Northern Pacific 
Railroad. By Philip Ritz, of Walla Walla. Chronicle Print, 
Washington, D. C. [1868.] 8° : pp. 8. 

The Northern Pacific Railway; its effect upon the Public 
Credit, the Public Revenues, and the Public Debt. Speech of 
Hon. William Windom, of Minnesota, delivered in the House 
of Representatives, January 5, 1869. Washington: Gibson 
Brothers, Printers. 1869. 8°: pp. 60. 

The Policy of Extending Government Aid to additional 
Railroads to the Pacific, by Guaranteeing interest on their 
Bonds. Report of the Majority of the Senate Committee on 
Pacific Railroad. February 19, 1869. [Senate Doc. No. 219, 
40th Cong., 3d Session.] 8°: pp. 31. 

7 



50 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Northern Pacific Railroad. Report of Edwin F. Johnson, 
Engineer in Chief, to the Board of Directors. April, 1869. 
Hartford: 1869. 8°: pp. 78. [6 maps.'] 


SOCIETIES AND CONVENTIONS. 

Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Proceedings of the 
R. W. Grand Lodge of Minnesota. 1854 to 1869. 8°: pp. 528. 

Journal of the Second Sitting of the Third House of Sover¬ 
eigns. Saturday Evening, Feb. 16,1856. Sol. Smith, Printer 
to the “ Sovereigns.” 8° : pp. 15. 

-Do. Third Session. Printed at the expense of the 

Sovereigns : 1860. 8° : pp. 24. 

Reports of the Agricultural and Mechanical Club of the 
Minnesota Legislature, held at the State House, St. Paul, dur¬ 
ing the Winter of 1859-60. Minneapolis : Hyde & Williams, 
Minnesota Beacon Office. 8° : pp. 32. 

Third Annual Fair of the Hennepin County Agricultural 
Society, to be held at Minneapolis, Sept. 26, 27 and 28, 1865. 
Atlas Printing Company, Minneapolis, Minn.: 1865. 8°: 

pp. 15. 

Fourth Annual Fair, do. 1866. Pp. 21. 

Premium List and Rules and Regulations of the 8th Annual 
Fair of the Minnesota State Agricultural Society, to be held 
at the Fair Ground in Rochester, on the 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th of 
October, 1866. Atlas Printing Company, Minneapolis : 1866. 
8°: pp. 35. 

-Do. 10th Annual Fair, at Minneapolis, 1868. Pp. 31. 

-Do. 11th “ “ at Rochester, 1869. Pp'. 31. 

Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Minnesota 
Editors’ and Publishers’ Association, held at St. Paul, Febru¬ 
ary 20 and 21, 1867. 12° : pp. 21. 

-Do. For 1868. 8°: pp. 22. 

-Do. For 1869. 8°: pp. 36. 








BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


51 


Proceedings of the Convention of Colored Citizens of the 
State of Minnesota, in Celebration of the Anniversary of Eman¬ 
cipation, and the Reception of the Electoral Franchise, on the 
First of January, 1869. St. Paul: Press Print. 1869. 8°: 
pp. 31. 

Transactions of the Minnesota State Medical Society. 
St. Paul: Pioneer Book and Job Printing Company. 1870. 
8°: pp. 46. 


SCHOOL AND COLLEGE CATALOGUES. 

Catalogues of the Baldwin School and the Academic De¬ 
partment of the College of St. Paul, Minnesota, mdcccliv. 
St. Paul: Printed at the Minnesotian Office. 1854. 8°: pp. 15. 

Addresses at Dedication of Baldwin School : see “ Saint 
Paul.” 

Circular and Catalogue of the Saint Paul Female Semi¬ 
nary, Saint Paul, Minnesota. 1858-1861. St. Paul: Pioneer 
Print. 1861. 8°: pp. 12. 

- Do. For 1862-1864. Printed by F. Somers, New 

York. Pp. 16. 

First Annual Catalogue of the Preparatory Department of 
the Hamline University, Red Wing, Minn., Aug., 1855. Red 
Wing : Meritt & Hutchins, Printers. 1855. 8°:pp. 17. 

Biennial Catalogue of Hamline University, for the Collegi¬ 
ate Year 1859-60. Red Wing, Minnesota: Hubbard & Davis, 
Printers. 1860. 8°: pp. 20. 

-Catalogue for year ending June, 1863. 8°: pp. 24. 

-Do. For year ending June, 1866. 8° : pp. 31. 

“ Hamline University Magazine :” see “ Magazines/' 

Catalogue of the Officers and Students of the Minnesota 
Seminary, Wasioja, Dodge Co. Wasioja: “ Minnesota Free 
Will Baptist” Office. 1861. 8°: pp. 24. 






52 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


First Annual Circular and Catalogue of the Sigourney 
Boarding School, St. Anthony, Minnesota. 1860-61. St. 
Anthony: Thomas & Clarke, Printers. 1861. 

First Annual Register of the Minnesota State Normal 
School, at Winona, for the Academical year 1866-67. Wi¬ 
nona, September, 1867 : Republican Print. 8° : pp. 22. 

University of Minnesota. Catalogue of the Officers and 
Students of the Preparatory Department, with a Statement of 
the Courses of Instruction, 1867-8, St. Anthony, Aug., 1868. 
Published by the University. Minneapolis: Tribune Print. 

8°: pp. 20. 

Report of the Committee on Organization, made to the 
Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota, May 7, 1869. 
Published by the Board. Minneapolis : Tribune Printing Co. 
1869. 8°: pp. 38. 

Annual Catalogues and Circulars of the Shattuck Gram¬ 
mar School, Faribault, Minn. Faribault: Central Republican 
Office. 12°. 1866-1869. 

Catalogue of the Instructors and Members of the State 
Teachers’ Institute, Minnesota. [From March 29, to May 11, 

1868. ] Republican Printing House, Winona. 1868. 8° : pp. 21. 

-Do. 1868. 8°: pp. 34. 

The First Annual Catalogue of Northfield College, North- 
field, Minn., July, 1868. H. A. Kimball, Printer. 8° : pp. 12. 

Catalogue of the Schools of the Bishop Seabury Mission, 
1865-6, Faribault, Minn. Central Republican Office. 1866. 

8°: pp. 28. 

Diocese of Minnesota. Saint Mary’s Hall Register, Fari¬ 
bault. Faribault: Central Republican Office. 12°. 1867 to 

1869. v. d . 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


53 


CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 
Minutes of the Minnesota Baptist Association. 1852-1869. 


12°. 

v. d. 




Do. 

Minnesota Central Baptist Association. 

1858- 

1869. 

12°. 

v. d. 



-Do. 

Anniversaries of the Minnesota Baptist 

State 

Convention. 

1859-1869. 8°. v. d. 



-Do. 

Northern Baptist Association. 1861-1869. 8°. 

v. d . 





- Do. 

Zumbro Baptist Association. 1861-1869. 8°. 

v. d. 

Do. 

Minnesota Valley Baptist Association. 

1859- 

1869. 

12°. 

v. d. 



Do. 

Southern Minnesota Baptist Association. 

1855- 

1869. 

8°. 

v. d. 



-Do. 

Crow River Baptist Association. 1868- 

-1869. 

12°. 

v. d. 




Minutes of the Minnesota Annual Conference of the Metho¬ 
dist Episcopal Church. 1856-1869. 8°. v. d. 

Minutes of the Annual Sessions of the General Conference 
of the Congregational Churches in Minnesota. 1856-1869. 
8°. v. d. 

Journal of the Proceedings of the Annual Conventions of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Minnesota. 
1856-1869. 8°. v. d. 

Record of the Organization and First Session of the Synod 
of Minnesota, with the Opening Discourse, by the Rev. Thos. 
S. Williamson, M. D. St. Paul: Daily Minnesotian Print. 
1858. 8°: pp. 14. 

A Hand Book for the Presbyterian Church in Minnesota, 
designed to promote order in, and love for the Sanctuary. 
Prepared by Edward D. Neill. Philadelphia: Printed by 
Henry B. Ashmead. 1856. 24°: pp. 72. 










54 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

Manual of the First Presbyterian Church of Red Wing, 
Minn., with a Brief Historical Sketch. Red Wing: Republican 
Office. 1868. 24°: pp. 38. 

Parish Manual of the Church of Gethsemane, Minneapolis, 
Minn.; Organized A. D. 1856. Minneapolis : 1869. pp. 18. 

A Memorial to the Board of Trustees of the Minnesota 
Church Foundation, with additions and an appendix. Contain¬ 
ing the Charter and By-Laws of the Board, and the Charter of 
“ Christ Church Orphans’ Home and Hospital for Minnesota.” 
By the Rev. J. V. Van Ingen, D. D. St. Paul: Pioneer Print¬ 
ing Co. 1860. 8°: pp. 34. 

Mission Paper of the Bishop Seabury Mission. Numbers 1 
to 37. 8°. Faribault, v. d. 

Eleventh Anniversary of the Minnesota Bible Society, held 
in the First Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, June 8, 1862, 7£ 
p. m. St. Paul: Press Printing Co. 1862. 8° : pp. 7. 

Fourteenth do.; with its Constitution, List of Officers, and 
Local Agents of Auxiliaries. St. Paul, Minn., June, 1864. 
David Ramaley, Printer. 8° : pp. 32. 

Annual Report of the State Central Committee to the 
Minnesota Sabbath-School Association, assembled in Conven¬ 
tion at Hastings, June 26, 1866. 8° : pp. 14. 

-Do. Rochester, June 18, 1867. Pp. 15. 

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention of the Minne¬ 
sota State Sabbath-School Association, held at Faribault, June 
16, 17, and 18, 1868. Published for the Association. 1868. 
8°: pp. 72. 

Proceedings of the Minnesota Universalist Sunday-School 
State Convention, including the articles of Incorporation and 
Constitution of the Convention, &c. First Annual Session. 
Held at Minneapolis, Sept. 1st and 2d, 1869. St. Paul: 1869. 

8°: pp. 18. 

First Annual Report and Constitution of the Brotherhood 
of the Parish of the Good Shepherd, Faribault, Minn. Pub¬ 
lished by the Brotherhood. Central Republican Office. 1870. 

12°: pp. 16. 



t 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 55 

The Papal Encyclical. A Pastoral Letter: see “Ser¬ 
mons,’’ &c. 

Historical Sketch of Westminster Presb. Church : see 
“ Sermons,” &c. 

Manual of First Baptist Church, St. Paul : see “St. Paul.” 

Gospel among the Dakotas : see “ Indian Tribes of Minne¬ 
sota.” 


SERMONS AND RELIGIOUS ESSAYS. 

The Political Character and Tendencies of Romanism: 
being the substance of a Discourse delivered in Galena in 1852, 
by Rev. M. Sorin, Red Wing, Minn. Ter. 1854. 

The True Thanksgiving ; and True Manhood : Two Ser¬ 
mons, by H. M. Nichols, Pastor of the First Presbyterian 
Church, Stillwater, Minn. Van Vorhes & Easton, Printers. 

1858. 12°: pp. 40. 

[Rev. Mr. Nichols was drowned July, 1860, at Lake Harriet, near Minne¬ 
apolis.] 

Michal ; or Fashionable Dancing, an Undignified Amuse¬ 
ment for a Christian. The sixth of a Series of Evening Lec¬ 
tures on the Life of David, at the Chapel of the House of Hope, 
St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 6, 1859, by Edward D. Neill. St. Paul: 

1859. 12°: pp. 18. 

Children, and the Childhood of Jesus. Sermon occasion¬ 
ed by the Death of Willie Young: Preached in the Jackson 
Street Methodist Church, on Sabbath afternoon, Feb. 27, 1859, 
by Rev. J. D. Pope, Pastor of the First Baptist Church. Pub¬ 
lished by the Family for Private Distribution. St. Paul: Min- 
nesotian Office. 1859. 8°: pp. 12. 

Congregationalism. A Sunday Morning Discourse, in the 
Plymouth Church of St. Paul, March 20, 1859. By Burdett 
Hart. St. Paul: T. M. Newson, Printer. 1859 :. 8° : pp. 18. 

Blood, the Price of Redemption. A Thanksgiving Dis- 



56 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


course, delivered in the House of Hope, Nov. 27,1862, by Rev. 
Frederic A. Noble, Pastor. St. Paul: Press Printing Co. 

1862. 8°: pp. 21. 

The Fall of Sumpter : Its Intent and Portent. An Ad¬ 
dress given at Plymouth Church, St. Paul, Sunday evening, 
April 12,1863, the Anniversary of the Attack on Fort Sumpter. 
By Rev. S. Hawley. St. Paul: Press Printing Co. 1863. 

8°: pp. 18. 

The Final Salvation of all Mankind, clearly demonstrated 
by the united Voice of Reason and Revelation. By Rev. Dol- 
phus Skinner, D. D. Fourth Edition. Minneapolis: Atlas 
Pr. Co. 1864. 8°: pp. 31. 

The Assured and Glorious Future of the Nation. A 
Thanksgiving Discourse, delivered in the House of Hope, Nov. 
24, 1864, by Rev. Frederic A. Noble. St. Paul, Minnesota. 
“ Ye shall be as the Wings of a Dove Covered with Silver.” 
St. Paul: David Ramaley, Printer. 1864. 8°: pp. 28. 

A Sermon Preached at the Dedication of the First Presbyte¬ 
rian Church, Mankato, Minn., Sept. 7, 1865, by the Pastor, 
Rev. Thomas Marshall. New York : Anson D. F. Randolph. 
1866. 8°: pp. 23. 

The Papal Encyclical, by the Rev. Thomas L. Grace, Bishop 
of St. Paul. Being a Pastoral Letter to the Glergy and Laity 
of the Diocese, on occasion of the Publication of the Jubilee. 
St. Paul: Pioneer Printing Company. 1865. 8° : pp. 29. 

Methodism : Its Development and the Chief Causes of its 
success. A Centenary Sermon, preached Sept. 21,1866, before 
the Minnesota Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church. By Rev. Jabez Brooks, A. M., President of Hamline 
University. Published by request of the Conference. St. 
Paul: Press Printing Co. 1866. 8°: pp. 24. 

Christian Amusements. A Discourse delivered Feb. 11, 
1866, at the Annual Meeting of the Young Men’s Christian 
Association of Saint Paul, by Rev. Edwin Sidney Williams. 
St. Paul: Davidson & Hall, Pioneer Office. 1866. 8°: pp. 31. 

Address to the Tenth Annual Convention of the Diocese 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


57 


of Minnesota, by Rt. Rev. Henry Benj. Whipple, D. D., Bishop 
of the Diocese. June 12, A. D. 1867. St. Paul: Ramaley & 
Hall. 1867. 8°: pp. 20. 

Christ, not Self, the Burden of Christian Preaching and 
Living. A Sermon preached in St. John’s Church, St. Cloud, 
Minn., Sept. 8, 1867, by Rev. George L. Chase, on resigning 
the Rectorship of the Parish. Published by request. St. 
Cloud, Minn.: Printed by A. J. Reed. 1867. 8° : pp. 14. 

A Review of a Sermon on the Immortality of the Soul, 
preached by W. B. Dada, before the Young Men’s Christian 
Association in Lake City, April 18, 1869, by A. G. Hudson. 
Lake City : Leader Office. 1869. 8° : pp. 18. 

Universalism Unmasked. A Sermon delivered by Rev. J. 
B. Tuttle, pastor of the Baptist Church of Anoka, Minnesota, 
on the evening of Feb. 14, 1869. Press Print. 8° : pp. 14. 

Historical Sketch of the Westminster Presbyterian Church 
of Minneapolis, Minn., [a Sermon,] by Rev. Robert F. Sample, 
Pastor. Philadelphia: Printed by Alfred Martin. 1869. 8°: 
pp. 40. 

Natural Religion. By Rev. Herman Bisbee. A Sermon 
delivered at Pence Opera House, Minneapolis, Minn., March 
27, 1870. 8° : pp. 8. [No imprint.] 

Harmony of Gospel History. See “ Poetical and Literary.” 

Serving our Generation. A Sermon, &c. See “ Biograph¬ 
ical.” 

Anniversary Sermon of First Baptist Church, St. Paul. See 
“ Saint Paul.” 

Hand Book of Presbyterian Church. See “Churches,” &c. 

Mission Papers of Bp. Seabury Mission. See “ Churches,” 

&c. 

Synod of Minnesota. Discourse by Rev. T. S. Williamson. 
See “ Churches,” &c. 


58 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


ORATIONS AND ADDRESSES. 

Address delivered by Ex-Governor Alexander Ramsey, Pres 
ident of the Minnesota Territorial Agricultural Society, on the 
occasion of the Second Annual Territorial Fair, held at Minne¬ 
apolis, on the 8th, 9th and 10th of October, 1856. St. Paul: 
Minnesotian Office. 1857. 8° : pp. 22. 

Education in its Relations to Civilization. An Address 
delivered before the Convention of Superintendents at Winona, 
Minn., on June 28, 1865. Ity Win. F. Phelps, A. M., Princi¬ 
pal of the State Normal School. 1865. Republican Print, 
Winona. 8° : pp. 34. 

The Problem of American Destiny. An Oration. Deliver- | 
ed at a Celebration of the Grand Army of the Republic of the 
State of Minnesota, at Owatonna, July 4th, 1868. By Capt. 
Henry A. Castle, of St. Paul. Published by order of the G. 

A. R., Dept, of Minn. St. Paul: Office of the Press Printing 
Company. 1868. 8°: pp. 12. 

Oration delivered at Alexandria, Douglas Co., Minn., July 
4, 1868, by Hon. H. L. Gordon, of St. Cloud. Ramaley & 
Hall. Dispatch Office. 8° : pp. 16. 

Addresses at the Inauguration of Wm. W. Folwell, as Pres¬ 
ident of the University of Minnesota, Wednesday, December 
22, 1869. For the University. Minneapolis : Tribune Print¬ 
ing Company. 1870. 8°: pp. 40. 

Emigrant Route to California, by Col. Wm. II. Nobles. 
See “ Relations of Minnesota to the Northwest.” 

Speech of Hon. James Shields on the Pacific R. R. bill. 
See u Railroads.” 

The Northern Pacific Railway. Speech of Hon. Wm. 
Windom. See “ Railroads.” 

Early History of Hennepin County, by John H. Stevens. 
See “Town and County History.” 

Addresses at Dedication of Baldwin School. See “ St. Paul.” 

Masonic Installation and Dedication Addresses. See 
“ Masonic.” 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


59 


Addresses Before the Historical Society. By E. D. Neill, 
Gen. J. H. Simpson. Hon. Alex. Ramsey, Rev. S. R. Riggs, 
Gen. H. H. Sibley, Hon. J. W. Lyncl, Rev. J. Mattocks, and 
others. See Hist. Soc. Coll., Vols. I and II. 


POETICAL AND LITERARY. 

The Sonnets of Shakspeare : An Essay, by Ignatius Don- 
nelly, A. M. Printed for private distribution. Saint Paul: 
Geo. W. Moore, Minnesotian Office. 8°: pp. 16. [1858.] 

The Poets and Poetry of Minnesota. Edited by Mrs. W. 
J. Arnold. Chicago: S. P. Rounds, Printer. 1864. 12°: 

pp. 336. [. Portrait .] 

The Dalys of Dalystown. By Dillon O’Brien. St. Paul: 
Pioneer Printing Company. 1866. 8° : pp. 518. 

Manomin : A Rhythmical Romance of Minnesota, the Great 
Rebellion and the Minnesota Massacres. By Myron Colonev. 
St. Louis : Published bj T the Author. 1866. 12° : pp. xv, 297. 

Harmony of the Gospel PIistory, from Passion Week to 
Pentecost. By the Rev. Edward P. Gray. New York: H. B. 
Durand, 49 White Street. 1866. 8°: pp. 12. 

Gedichte Vermischten Inhalts, von Albert Wolff. St. 
Paul, Minn. 1867. 24° : pp. 80. 

[Poems written in the German language.] 

Osseo, the Spectre Chieftain. * 1 A Poem. By Evender C. 
Kennedy. Leavenworth: Published by the Author. 1867. 

12°: pp. 228. 


1 [The scene of this Epic is laid on Lake Pepin. The author says in his 
preface: “I offer this, my first endeavor as an author, to the public, hoping 
it may be received with favor; and will be content if I receive from my 
friends a kind thought in return for the many weary days and dreary nights 

I have spent trying to consummate this, my bloodless ambition. If I can be 
permitted to occupy the most secluded niche in the Temple of Calliope, and 
add but a single jewel to the casket of American Poetry, I will have gained 
the highest wish of my most ideal dreams. I entreat the favor of my many 
friends and fellow soldiers. I have a hope; must it be a hope of despair ? I 
wait the revelations of the mysterious future.”] 




60 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


New American Epic Poem on the Discovery of America by 
Christopher Columbus. By M. D. C. Luby. Saint Paul, Minn.: 
Daily Minnesota Volksblatt Print. 1868. 16° : pp. 253. 

“Equal Rights.” A Poetical Lecture. By Mrs. F. A. 
Logan, of New York. Price 20 cents. [St. Paul: Press Print. 
1869.] 12°: pp. 22. 

Minnesota ; Then and Now. By Mrs. Harriet E. Bishop. 
Saint Paul: D. D. Merrill, Randall & Co. 1869. [In verse.'] 

12°: pp. 100. 

The Romance op Indian Life. See “ The Indian Tribes of 
Minnesota.” 

A Summer in the Wilderness, &c. See “ Early Explora¬ 
tions,” &c. 

The Hamline University Magazine. See “ Magazines.” 


MAGAZINES. 

The Minnesota Farmer and Gardener. Edited by L. M. 
Ford and J. H. Stevens. St. Paul: Vol. I. Nov. 1860 to 
Dec. 1861. 8° : pp. 384. 

The Hamline University Magazine. “ Religio , Lilera , Li- 
bertas.” Yol. 1, Nos. 1, 2, 3. 8°: pp. 24, 32, 32. Printed 

for the University by D. Ramaley. 1864-65. 

The Minnesota Teacher and Journal op Education : Or¬ 
gan of the Department of Public Instruction and State Teach¬ 
ers’ Association. W. W. Payne, Editor and publisher, St. 
Paul. 8°. Vol. I, June, 1867, to Aug., 1868, 556 pages ; Yol. 
II, Sept., 1868, to Sept., 1869, 448 pages. 

The Minnesota Monthly : A North Western Magazine. 
The Official Organ of the Patrons of Husbandry. Devoted to 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Domestic Economy, etc. Edited by 
D. A. Robertson. Vol. I, Jan. to Dec., 1869. Pp. 444. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


01 


SAINT PAUL. 

Ordinances of the Town of Saint Paul, Minnesota. In 
force Jan. 25, 1852. Collated and Printed by Order of the 
President and Council of said Town. Saint Paul: D. A. Rob¬ 
ertson, Printer. 1852. 8°: pp. 24. 

Addresses delivered at the Dedication of the Edifice of the 
Preparatory Department of the Baldwin School, Saint Paul, 
Minnesota Territory ; and Catalogue for 1853. Saint Paul: 
Owens & Moore, Printers. 1854. 8° : pp. 39. 

Charter and Ordinances of the City of St. Paul. Minne- 
sotian Office. 1855. 8°: pp. 111. 

-Do. 1858. Minnesotian Office. 8°: pp. 250. 

-Do. 1863. Pioneer Office. 8°: pp. 226. 

-Do. 1869.* Pioneer Office. 8°: pp. 352. 

Proceedings of the Common Council of the City of St. Paul 
for the years ending 1856 to 1870. 8°. v. d. 

-Do. General Index to. From 1854 to Jan. 19, 1858. 

Prepared by I. V. D. Heard, under Resolution of the Common 
Council, &c. Saint Paul: Pioneer Printing Co. 1866. 8°: 

pp. 349. 

Annual Report of the Public School System of the City of 
St. Paul; with Rules and Regulations of the Board of Educa¬ 
tion, &c., &c. Saint Paul: 1856 to 1870. 12°. v. d. 

Suggestions relative to the Sewerage and Street Grades of 
Saint Paul. [By James Starkey. ] Saint Paul: Goodrich, 
Somers & Co., Printers and Publishers, Pioneer and Democrat 
Office. 1857. 12°: pp. 24. 

Finances of Ramsey County. Report of a Committee of 
Investigation. 500 copies ordered printed by the Board of 
Supervisors. 1858. 

Grand Celebration in the City of Saint Paul, the Capital of 
the State of Minnesota, on the first of September, 1858, com¬ 
memorative of the successful laying and working of the Atlan¬ 
tic Telegraph Cable. Full Report of the Ceremonies, Proces- 






62 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

sions, Illumination and the Speeches of Ex-Governors Ramsey 
and Gorman. Published order of the City Council, as re¬ 
ported for the Daily Minnesotian, the official paper of the City, 
[by J. F. Williams .] St. Paul: Daily Minnesotian Print. 

1858. 8°: pp. 22. 

Manual of the First Baptist Church of Saint Paul, Minne¬ 
sota, 1857-8 ; with the Annual Sermon of the Pastor [Rev. 
Jno. D. Pope. ] Published by the Members. Saint Paul: 
Printed by Geo. W. Moore, Minnesotian Office. 1859. 8°: 

pp. 16. 

First Annual Report of the Treasurer of the Saint Paul 
Gas Light Company, to the Stockholders of the Company, to¬ 
gether with the Act of Incorporation and By-Laws. St. Paul: 
Pioneer Printing Company. 1859. 8° : pp. 31. 

Constitution and By-Laws, and Reading-Room Regulations 
of the Saint Paul Mercantile Library Association. Adopted 
September, 1857. Revised Jan., 1859. Incorporated Jan., 

1859. Saint Paul: Printed b} r Geo. W. Moore, Minnesotian 

Office. 1859. 8°: pp. 15. 

Catalogue of the Sunday-School Library of the Central 
Presbyterian Church, Saint Paul. St. Paul: Pioneer Printing 
Co. 1858. 12°: pp. 20. 

Catalogue of the St. Paul Library Association. 1864. St. 
Paul: Printed by D. Ramaley. 8° : pp. 79. 

-Do. 1868. Ramaley & Hall. 8° : pp. 99. 

Saint Paul Street Railway Company. Charter and City 
Ordinance. Saint Paul: Daily Minnesota Volksblatt Print. 
1868. 8° : pp. 9. 

The Early History of Saint Paul. Being a short sketch 
prepared for Bailey’s Saint Paul Directory. Edition of 1867. 
[Separately printed.'] By J. Fletcher Williams, Secretary of 
the Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minn. 1867. 8° : 

pp. 12. [2 cuts.] 

Chamber of Commerce of the City of Saint Paul. Arti¬ 
cles of Incorporation, By-Laws, Officers, Committees and Mem- 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


63 


bers. Organized Jan. 10, 1867. St. Paul, Minnesota: Press 
Printing Company. 1867. 8° : pp. 18. 

-Do. First Annual Report, [By J. D. Ludden,~\ for 

1867. St. Paul: Press Printing Company. 1868. 8°: pp.35. 

-Do. Second Annual Report, [By J. D. Ludden ,] made 

Jan. 25, 1869. Also, Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws, Offi¬ 
cers, and List of Members. Saint Paul: Press Printing Co. 
1869. 8° : pp. 32. 

-Do. Third Annual Report. By Ossian E. Dodge, 

Secretary. St. Paul: Press Printing Co. 1870. 8°: pp. 51. 

Business Directory for the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota 
Territory. Aug. 1, 1856. Saint Paul: Goodrich & Somers, 
Printers, Pioneer and Democrat Office. 1856. 8°: pp. 76. 

Saint Paul City Directory, for 1856-7. Published by 
Goodrich & Somers ; January, 1857. Saint Paul: Pioneer and 
Democrat Office. 1857. 12°: pp. 194. [Map of City. This 

book was compiled by Andrew Keiller.'] 

Commercial Advertiser Directory for the City of St. Paul, 
to which is added, a Business Director}', 1858-1859. Newson 
& Barton, Publishers. Saint Paul: Times Office. 1858. 8°: 
pp.165. 

A. Bailey’s Saint Paul Directory, for 1863. Volume One. 
Saint Paul: A. Bailey, Publisher. 1863. 8°: pp. 170. 

Saint Paul Directory for 1864. Including a complete 
Directory of the Citizens, a Business Directory, etc. Volume 
Two. Saint Paul: Groff & Bailey, Publishers. 1864. 8°: 

pp. 170. 

McClung’s Saint Paul Directory, and Statistical Record, 
for 1866. Containing an Alphabetical List of Citizens in each 
Ward separately, etc. St. Paul: J. W. McClung, Publisher. 
1866. 8°: pp. 284. 

Saint Paul Directory for 1867. * * * Vol. 3. Saint 

Paul: Bailey & Wolfe, Publishers. 1867. 8°: pp. 287. 

Ketchum and Crawford’s St. Paul Directory, for 1869. 





64 


MINNESOTA HISrORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


* * * Also, a complete Classified Business Directory, &c. 

St. Paul: Printed by the Press Printiug Co. [1869.] 8°: pp. 

271. [Map.] 

Rice & Bell’s First Annual Directory to the Inhabitants, 
Institutions, &c., &c., in the City of Saint Paul, for 1869-70. 
Rice & Bell, Publishers, St. Paul. [1869.] 8°: pp. 300. 

[Map.] 

Hand Book of Presbyterian Church. See “ Churches,” &c. 
Christ’s Church Orphan’s Home. See “ Churches,” &c. 

Installation Address to St. Paul Lodge, No. 3. See 
“ Masonic.” 

Baldwin School, and Female Seminary Catalogues. See 
“ Catalogues.” 

Carver Centenary. See Histor. Soc. Coll. 

Memorial of Chamber of Commerce, &c. See “ Relations 
of Minnesota to the North West.” 

Rise and Progress of Minnesota Territory. See “ Histo¬ 
rical, Descriptive,” &c. 

Dakota Land ; or the Beauty of St. Paul. See “ Historical, 
Descriptive,” &c. 


STATE DOCUMENTS. 

Journal of the Council of the Legislative Assembly of the 
Territory of Minnesota. 1849-1857. 8°. v. d. 

Journal of the House of Representatives of the Legisla¬ 
tive Assembly of the Territory of Minnesota. 1849-1857. 
8°. v. d. 

Acts, Joint Resolutions and Memorials passed by the Leg¬ 
islative Assembly of the Territory of Minnesota. 1849-18 57. 
8°. v. d. 

Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention 
for the Territory of Minnesota, to form a State Constitution, 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


65 


etc. T. F. Andrews, Official Reporter to the Convention. 
St. Paul: G. W. Moore, Printer. 1858. 8° : pp. 624. [. Re¬ 

publican Wing.~\ 

The Debates and Proceedings of the Minnesota Constitu¬ 
tional Convention, including the Organic Act of the Territory, 
etc. Reported Officially by Francis H. Smith. Saint Paul: 
E. S. Goodrich, Territorial Printer. 1857. 8°: pp. 685. 

[Democratic Wing.'] 

Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the Territory 
of Minnesota, [. Democratic Wing ,] begun and held in the City 
of St. Paul, Capital of said Territory, on Monday, the 13th of 
July, 1857. St. Paul: Earle S. Goodrich, State Printer. 1857. 

8°: pp. 208. 

Journal of the Senate of the Legislature of the State of 
Minnesota. 1858-1870. 8°. v. d. 

Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of 
Minnesota. 1858-1870. 8°. v. d. 

General and Special Laws of the State of Minnesota. 1858- 
1870. 8°. v. d. 

Executive Documents of the State of Minnesota. 1860- 
1870. 8°. v. d. 

The Legislative Manual, compiled for the use of the Mem¬ 
bers of the Legislature. Published by authority. 1860-1870. 
v. d. 

Annual Report of the Adjutant General of the State of 
Minnesota, for the year ending Dec. 1, 1866, and of the Mili¬ 
tary forces of the State from 1861 to 1866. Saint Paul: Pio¬ 
neer Printing Company. 1866. 8°: pp. 805. 

A Complete Compilation of the Laws of Minnesota, relat¬ 
ing to Township Organization, and the duties of Town Officers, 
etc. By Elijah M. Haines. Chicago: 1869. . 8° : pp. 272. 

Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme 
Court of Minnesota. 13 vols. 8°. St. Paul. 1858-1870. v. d. 

— Harvey Officer, Reporter. Vols. I-IX. 

— Wm. A. Spencer, Reporter. Vols. X-X1II. 

9 




MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


66 

The Revised Statutes of the Territory of Minnesota, 
passed at the 2d session of the Legislative Assembly, com¬ 
mencing Jan. 1, 1851. Under the Supervision of M. S. Wilk¬ 
inson. Saint Paul: James M. Goodhue, Territorial Printer. 
Rl. 8°: pp. 734. 

- Do. Edition of 1859. Rl. 8°: pp. 1071. Pioneer 

Printing Co., St. Paul. 1859. 

-Do. Revision of 1866. Rl. 8°: pp. 874. Davidson 

& Hall. 1867. 


MAGAZINE ARTICLES. 

Harpers’ New Monthly Magazine. Vols. 1 to 38. New 
York. 

PAPERS ON MINNESOTA. 

Vol. VII, p. 177. Sketches of the Upper Mississippi. Anon. 

“ XIII, p. 665. A Visit to Red River. Anon. 

“ XVI, p.443. The Upper Mississippi. Anon. 

•* XVIII, p. 169. The People of the Red River. Anon. 

“ do. p. 602. The Red River Trail. Anon. 

“ XIX, p. 37. The Red River Trail. Anon. 

“ XXI, p. 289. To Red River and Beyond. By Manton Marble. 

“ do. p.581. “ “ “ “ “ 

“ XXII, p.306. “ 

" XXVI, p. 186. Hole-in-the-Day. By I. G. Nicolay. 

“ XXVII, p. 1. The Indian Massacres and War of 1862. Adrian J.Ebell. 
“ XXVIII, p. 76. Overland from St. Paul to Lake Superior. Anon. 

“ do. p. 190. The Wheat Fields of Minnesota. By G. "W. Schatzel. 
" XXXVI, p. 409. The Minnesota Pineries. By J. M. Tuttle. 


COLLECTIONS OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

VOLUME I. 

1. Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society. Saint 

Paul: Printed by James. M. Goodhue. 1850. 8°: pp. 32. 

Papers. Preface; Act of Incorporation ; Constitution and By-Laws, adopt¬ 
ed Jan. 14, 1850; List of Members; Annual Address by Rev. E. D. Neill, Jan. 
1, 1850, Subject—“ An Introductory Lecture upon the Subject of the French 
Voyageurs to this Territory during the Seventeenth Century.” Description 
of Minnesota, by H. H. Sibley; Table of Distances in the Territory. 

2. Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society, for the 
year A. D. 1850-1 ; comprising an address by the President, 






BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


G7 


the Annual Report by the Secretary, two papers by Rev. S. R. 
Riggs, &c., &c. St. Paul: D. A. Robertson, Printer. 1851. 
8°: pp. 184. 

Papers, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, Jan. 13,1851; Address of Gov. 
A. Ramsey, President of the Society; First Annual Report of C. K. Smith, 
Secretary of the Society, with appendices; Speech of Henry H. Sibley, of 
Minnesota, beiore the Com. on Elections of the House of Representatives, 
Dec. 22,1848; List of the Executive and Judicial Officers of the Territory, and 
Members of the First Leglature; Titles of Acts passed at the First Session of 
the Legislature; List of Officers appointed by the Governor of said Territory; 
Do. of the different counties; Time of holding the Courts of Minnesota Ter.; 
Indian Tribes of Minnesota; Description of Saint Paul, and other points in 
the Territory ; First Navigation of the Minnesota by Steamboats, [June,1850;] 
Fort Snelling; List of Post Offices and Post Masters in Minnesota; Landing 
Points for Steamboats from Galena to St. Paul; Tbe Census; Schools and Edu¬ 
cation in Minnesota; The Fruits and Roots of the Minnesota Valley; Laying 
of the Corner Stone of the Episcopal Church; University of Minnesota at the 
Falls of St. Anthony; Religious Movements in Minnesota; Table of Steam¬ 
boat Arrivals, etc., at Fort Snelling for the past six years; The Dakota Na¬ 
tion—Address of Rev. S. R. Riggs; Prospectus for Publishing a Dakota, Lexi¬ 
con ; A Memoir on the History and Physical Geography of Minnesota, by H. 
R. Schoolcraft; the Meteorology of Minnesota, by .T. W. Bond; Letter of Prof. 
Mather, of Ohio; Index. 

3. Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society, 1852 ; 
containing the Annual Address by J. H. Simpson, First Lieut., 
Corps, U. S. Topographical Engineers, and other papers. Pub¬ 
lished by order of the Executive Council. St. Paul: Owens 
& Moore, Printers, Minnesotian Office. 8° : pp. 64. 

Papers. Secretary's Annual Report; Annual Address by Lieut. Simpson— 
“Narrative of a Tour through the Navajo Country;” Letter of Mesnard, writ¬ 
ten on the eve of his Embarkation for Lake Superior; Ancient Monuments; 
Iowa Indians and Mounds; Letter from Mr. J. F. Aiton on the Stone Heaps 
at Red Wing; The Early Nomenclature of Minnesota ; Minnesota, its Name 
and Origin; Saint Louis River, by Rev. T. M. Fullerton; Sketch of the Early 
Indian Trade and Traders of Minnesota, by E. D. Neill; Exploring Tour, by 
Rev. W. T. Boutwell; Battle of Lake Pokegama, by “an eye witness;” 
Wa-kan-Tibi; Grant of Land at the Cave in Dayton’s Bluff. 

4. Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society, for eigh¬ 

teen hundred and fifty-three : Number IV. Printed by order 
of the Executive Council. Saint Paul: Owens & Moore, 
Printers. 1853. 8°: pp. 72. 

Papers. Officers of the Society for 1853; Annual Report of Secretary; Sketch 
of the Life of Nicollet, by Hon. Henry H. Sibley; Sketch of Joseph Renville; 
Department of Hudson Bay, by Rev. G. A. Belcourt; Mounds of the Minne¬ 
sota Valley, by Rev. S. R. Riggs; Obituary Notice of James M. Goodhue, late 
Editor of thePioneer; Notes Supplementary to the Early Indian Trade, &c., 
(Annals of 1852;) Description of Mille Lacs, by J. G. Norwood, M. D.; Dakota 
Land and Dakota Life, by Edward D. Neill; The Meteorology of Minnesota, 
by John W. Bond. 


68 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


5. Materials for the Future History of Minnesota ; 

being a Report of the Minnesota Historical Society to the Leg¬ 
islative Assembly, in accordance with a Joint Resolution. 
Fifteen hundred copies ordered to be printed for the use of the 
Legislature. St. Paul: Joseph R. Brown, Territorial Printer. 
Pioneer and Democrat Office. 1856. 8°: pp. 142. [7 illus¬ 

trations.] 

« Contents. Introductory Chapter, on Nomenclature; Who were the first 
Men? by Rev. T. S. Williamson; An Historical Review [Reprint of the Ad¬ 
dress of Gov. Ramsey in 1851;] Early Notices of the Dakotas, by Edward D. 
Neill; Louis Hennepin, the Franciscan ; Sieur Du Luth; Le Sueur, the Ex¬ 
plorer of the Minnesota River; Abstract of the Memorial of D’Iberville, on 
the Country of the Mississippi; Minnesota as a British Dominion—Explora¬ 
tions of Jonathan Carver; British Trade in Minnesota; Pike’s Explorations 
in 1805; American Trade; Noted Early Indian Traders; FortSnelling; Border 
Life in Minnesota, by Wm.J, Snelling ; Index. 

6. Address delivered before the Minnesota Historical So¬ 
ciety, at its Sixth Anniversary, Feb. 1st, 1856, by the Hon. 
H. H. Sibley. 8°: pp. 17. 

[Total number of pages in Vol. I, 511.] 

VOLUME II. 

1. Voyage in a Six-Oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint An¬ 
thony in 1817. By Major Stephen H. Long, Topographical 
Engineer, United States Army. With introductory note by 
Edward D. Neill, Secretary Minnesota Historical Society. 
Philadelphia: Henry B. Ashmead, Book and Job Printer. 

1860. 8° : pp. 88. 

Contents. Officers of the Society; Introductory Note; Journal; Appendix ; 
Map; Letter from A. J. Hill; Table of Distances, &c. 

2. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, for 
the year 1864. Saint Paul: David Ramaley, Printer. 1865. 
8°: pp. 84. 

Contents. Officers of the Society; Introductory; Early French Forts and 
Foot Prints of the Valley of the Upper Mississippi, by E. D. Neill; Occur¬ 
rences in and around Fort Snelling, from 1819 to 1840, by E. D. Neill; History 
of the Dakotas—James W. Lynd’s Manuscripts, by Rev. S. R. Riggs; the Re¬ 
ligion of the Dakotas—(Chapter VI, of Mr. Lynd’s Manuscript). 

3. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, for 
the year 1867. Saint Paul: Pioneer Printing Company. 1867. 

8°: pp. 62. 

Contents. Officers of the Society; List of Papers; Report of the Committee 
of Publication; Annual Report of the Secretary, Chas. E. Mayo; Mineral Re¬ 
gions of Lake Superior, as known from their first discovery to 1855, by H. M. 
Rice; Constantine Beltrami, by A. J. Hill; Historical Notes of the U. S. Land 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


69 


Office, by H. M. Rice, St. Paul; The Geography of Perrot, so far as it relates to 
Minnesota and the regions immediately adjacent, by A. J. Hill; Dakota Su¬ 
perstitions, by Rev. G. H. Pond. 

4. The Carver Centenary : An Account of the Celebration, 

by the Minnesota Historical Society, of the One Hundredth 
Anniversary of the Council and Treaty of Capt. Jonathan 
Carver with the Naudowessies, on May 1, 1767, at the “ Great 
Cave” (now within the limits of the City of Saint Paul, Minne¬ 
sota,) held May 1, 1867. Saint Paul: Pioneer Printing Com¬ 
pany. 1867. 8°: pp. 23. Wjth portrait of Carver. 

Contents. Preface; The Visit to the Cave; Description of the Cave; The 
Proceedings at the Cave; The Reunion in the Evening; Paper, by Rev. Jno. 
Mattocks, on the “ Life and Explorations of Jonathan Carver.” 

5. Charter, Constitution 1 and By-Laws of the Minnesota 

Historical Society. “ Lux e Tenebris.” Saint Paul: Ramaley 
& Hall, Printers. 1868. 8°: pp. 11. 

[Total number of pages in Vol. II, 268.] 

Charter, Constitution, By-Laws and Catalogue of Members 
of the Minnesota Historical Society, mdccclvii. Saint Paul : 
Goodrich, Somers & Co., Printers. 1857. 12° : pp. 43. 


INDEX OF AUTHORS. 

A. 

Aldrich, Hon. Cyrus —Report on Nor. Pacific R. R. 

Anderson, Dr. C. L. (and T. M. Griffith) —Survey of portion of 
Upper Mississippi River. 

Andrews, C. C.—Minnesota and Dakota. 

Andrews, T. F.—Official Report of the Constitutional Convention 
Debates. [Republican.] 

Arnold, Mrs. W. J.—The Poets and Poetry of Minnesota. 

B. 

Bailey, A.—Minnesota Gazetteer, &c. 

Barton, Wm. H.—Saint Paul Directory, 1859. 

Bell. J. B.— Saint Paul City Directory, 18G9. 

Beltrami, C.—A Pilgrimage in Europe and America. 

La Decouverte des Sources de Mississippi. 

Bisbee, Rev. Herman— Natural Religion. A Sermon. 


1. Adopted January 20, 1868. 





70 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Bishop. Mrs. Harriet E.—Floral Home. 

The Dakota War Whoop. 

Minnesota, Then and Now. 

Bishop, J. W.—History of Fillmore County. 

Blanchard, Rufus —Hand Book of Minnesota. 

Bond, J. Wesley—M innesota and its Resources. 

Bremer, Frederika —The Homes of the New World. 

Brooks, Rev. Jabez —Methodism, a Centenary Sermon. 

Bryant, Chas. S., (and A. B. Murch) —History of the Sioux Massacre. 
Burritt, E. H.—Journal of Capt. Fiske’s Expedition. 

C. 

Carver, Jonathan —Travels through the Interior Parts of North 
America, &c. 

Catlin, George —Indians of North America. 

Castle, Henry A.—The Problem of American Destiny. 
Chamberlain, H. E.—St. Anthony and Minneapolis Directory. 
Charlevoix, F. X. —History of New France. 

Chase, Rev. Geo. L.—Christ, not Self. A Sermon. 

Chatfield, A. G.—Opinion in the Hastings Land Site Case. 

Child, James E.—Waseca County, &c. 

Chittenden, N. H.—Stranger’s Guide to Minneapolis. 

Coffin, C. C.—The Great Commercial Prize. 

The Seat of Empire. 

Colburn, Mary J.—Minnesota as a Home for Emigrants. 

Coleson, Ann —Narrative of Indian Captivity. 

Coloney, M.—Manomin; a Rhythmical Romance. 

Combs, Wm. S.—Revised Journal of Masonic Grand Lodge. 
Crawford, I. D.—(See Ketchum, &c.) 

D. 

Pisturnell, J.—Tourists’ Guide to the Upper Mississippi. 

Dodge, 0. E. —St. Paul Chamber of Commerce Report, 1870. 
Donnelly, Ignatius— Minnesota; an Address, &c. 

The Sonnets of Shakspeare; an Essay. 

Du Pratz, Le Page— History of Louisiana. 


E. 

Eastlick, Mrs. Lavina— Narrative of Indian Captivity. 

Eastman, Mrs. Mary H.—Dahcotah; or Life and Legends, &c. 

The Romance of Indian Life. 

Ebell, Adrian J.—The Indian Massacres of 1862. (Harpers’ Mag.) 
Edwards, Richard— Gazetteer of the Mississippi River. 




BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


71 


F. 

Featherstonhaugh, G. W.—Canoe Voyage up tlie Minnay Sotor. 
Fiskk, Capt. J. L.—Report on his 1st and 2d trips to Idaho. 
Folwell, William W.—Inaugural Address at State University. 
Ford, L. M.—Minnesota Farmer and Gardener. 

French, B. F.—Histor. Coll, of La. and Fla. 

Frink, F. W.—A Record of Rice County, &c. 

G. 

Gale, George —Upper Mississippi. 

Gordon, H. L.—Fourth of July Oration. 

Grace, Rt. Rev. T. L.—The Papal Encyclical. 

Gray, Rev. Edward P.—Harmony of the Gospel History. 

Griffith, T. M.—(See Anderson, C. L.) 

Griswold, Wm. B.—Mankato; and Blue Earth County. 

H. 

Haines, E. M,—Compilation of Minnesota Laws. 

Hall, James— Notes upon the Geology, &c., of Minnesota. 

Hankins, H.—Dakota Land; or Beauty of St. Paul. 

Hart, Rev. Burdett —Congregationalism. A Sermon. 

The New North-West. 

Hawley, Rev. S.—The Fall of Sumpter. 

Heard, I. V. D.- -History of the Sioux War. 

Index to Common Council Proceedings, &c. 
Heaton, Hon. D.—Manufactures and Trade of the Upper Mississippi. 
Hennepin, L.—New Discovery of a Great Country, &c. 

Hewitt, G.—Minnesota; Its Advantages to Settlers. 

Hinman, Rev. S. D.—Calvary Catechism in Dakota. 

Prayer Book translated into Dakota. 

Hymns translated into Dakota. 

Hudson, A. G.—Review of a Sermon on Immortality. 

J. 

James, Dr. Edwin— Tanner’s Narrative of Captivity. 

.Johnson, Edwin F.—Report on Nor. Pacific R. R. 

K. 

Keating, Wm. H.—Expedition to Sources of the St. Peters River. 
Keiller, Andrew— Directory of St. Paul, 1857. 

Kennedy, E. C.—Osseo, the Spectre Chieftain. 

Ketchum, F. A., (and Crawford)— St. Paul Directory, 1869. 

Kloos, J. H.—Dutch Immigration Pamphlet. 

Rapport van Ingenieur, &c. 


72 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


L. 

La Hontan, Baron— New Voyages to North America. 

Lander, Fred. W.—Report of a R. R. Reconnoisance, &c. 

Lanman, Chas.—A Summer in the Wilderness. 

Latrobe, C. J.—The Rambler in North America. 

Lea, Albert M. —Notes on Wisconsin Territory. 

Le Due, W. G.—Minnesota Year Books, 1851-2-3. 

Listeo, Soren —Scandinavian Immigration Pamphlet. 

Logan, Mrs. F. A. —Equal Rights, &c. 

Lombard, C. W.—History of 3d Minnesota Regiment. 

Long, Maj. S. H.—Voyage in a six-oared Skiff, &c. 

Luby, M. D. C.—The Columbiad. 

Ludden, Jno. D.—St. Paul Chamber of Commerce Reports, 1868-69. 

M. 

Marble, Manton —To Red River and Beyond, (Harpers’ Mag.) 
Marshall, Wm. R. (and others)—Statement on Resources of N.P.R.R. 
Marshall, Rey. Thomas —Dedication Sermon—Mankato. 

Mattson, Hon. H.—Scandinavian Immigration Pamphlets. 
McConkey, Mrs. H. E. B.—(See Bishop, Mrs. H. E.) 

McClung, J. W.—Saint Paul Directory, 1866. 

Minnesota as it is in 1869. 

Merwin, Heman —Minnesota Business Directory. 

Mitchell, W. H.—History of Olmsted County. 

History of Steel County. 

History of Hennepin County. 

History of Goodhue County. 

History of Dakota County. 

Munson, A D.—Rise and Progress of Minnesota Territory. 

Murch, A. B. —(See Bryant, C. S.) 

N. 

Neill, Rev. E. D.—Dalikotah Land and Dahkotah Life. 

History of Minnesota. 

Michal; or Fashionable Dancing. 

Hand Book of the Presbyterian Church. 

Effort and Failure to Civilize the Aborigines. 
Nichols, Rev. H. M.—True Thanksgiving; and True Manhood. 
Nicolay, J. G.—Hole-in-the-Day—(Harpers’ Mag.) 

Nicollet, J. N.—Hydrographical Basin of Upper Mississippi. 

Noble, Rev. F. A.—Blood, the Price of Redemption. 

The Assured and Glorious Future of the Nation. 
Nobles, Col. Wm. H. —Speech on Emigrant Route, &c. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


73 


O. 

O’Brien, Dillon—T he Dalys of Dalystown. 

Officer, Harvey—V ols. I-IX, Supreme Court Reports. 

Oliphant, Laurence —Minnesota and the Far West. 

Owen, David Dale —Geological Survey of Minnesota. 

P. 

Parker, Nathan H.—The Minnesota Hand Book, 1856-7. 

Parkman, Francis— The Discovery of the Great West. 

Payne, W. W.—The Minnesota Teacher. 

Pelz, Edward —German Immigration Documents. 

Perrot, Nicolas —Memoir on the Manners, &c., of the Indians. 
Phelps, Wm. F.—Educational Address. 

Pierson, A. T. C.—Masonic Installation Addresses. 

Lodge of Sorrow Ceremony. 

Pike, Z. M.—Exploration of the Upper Mississippi. 

Pond, Rev. G. H.—Dakota School Books. 

Pond, Rev. S. W. —Translations of Works into Dakota. 

Pope, Capt. John —Exploration of Minnesota Territory. 

Pope, Rev. Jno. D.—Children and the Childhood of Jesus. 

Anniversary Sermon, &c. 

Pusey, Pennock —Statistics of Minnesota, 1870. 

R. 

Ramsey, Hon. Alex. —Address at 2d Territorial Fair. 

Ravoux, Rev. A.—Path to Heaven, (Dakota). 

Rawlings, T.—Emigration, with special reference to Minnesota. 
Reno, Capt. J. L.—Survey of a Road from Mendota to the Big Sioux. 
Renville, John B.—Translations into Dakota. 

Renville, Joseph —Translations into Dakota. 

Rice, G. J., (aud Bell)*— St. Paul Directory, 1869. 

Riggs, Mrs. M, A. C.—English and Dakota Dictionary. 

Riggs, Rev. Stephen R.—Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota 

Language. 

Translations and Works in Dakota. 
Tah-Koo-Wah Kan, or Gospel among the 
Dakotas. 

Ritz, Philip— Letter on the new route, (to the Pacific). 

Robertson, D. A.—The Minnesota Monthly. 

Rosa, Gabriele— Life of Constantine Beltrami. 

S. 

Sample, Rev. R. T.—Historical Sketch of Westminster Presb. Ch. 
Schatzel, G. W.— The Wheat Fields of Minnesota—(Harper’s Mag.) 
10 


74 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Schoolcraft, H. R.—Indian Tribes of tlie United States. 

Narrative of Travels from Detroit, N. W., &c. 
Narrative of an Expedition to Itasca Lake in 
1820. 

Summary of an Expedition to Itasca Lake in 
1832, 

Thirty years’ residence with the Indian Tribes. 
Seymour, E. S.—Sketches of Minnesota; the N. E. of the West. 
Shaw, E. P.—Minneapolis Directory. 

Shea, John G.—Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi. 

Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi. 
Shields, Hon. James —Speech on Pacific Railroad Bill. 

Skinner, Rev. D.—The Final Salvation of all Mankind. 

Smith, Hon. A. C.—Masonic Installation Address. 

Smith, Francis H.—Official Report of Constitutional Convention, 
(Democratic Wing.) 

Smith, W. R.—Minnesota as a Home for Immigrants. 

Sorin, Rev. M.—Political Character of Romanism. 

Spencer, Wm. A.—Vols. X to XIII, Supreme Court Reports. 
Starkey, James —Suggestions as to Sewerage &c., in St. Paul. 
Stevens, Isaac I.—Northern Pacific R. R. Survey, Vol. XII. 

Letter on Northern Pacific Route. 

Stevens, Rev. J. D.—Dakota Spelling Book. 

Stevens, Jno. H.—Early History of Hennepin County. 

Stone, Rev. Geo. M.—Life of Dr. John D. Ford. 

Storey, W. D.—A view of Saint Anthony Falls. 

Sweetzer, Chas. H.—Tourist’s and Invalid’s Guide to the N. W. 

T. 

Taylor, Jas. W.—The Railroad System of Minnesota. 

North-West British America. 

The Sioux War; What shall we do with it? 

The Sioux War; Campaign of 1863. 

Tuttle, Rev. J. B.—Universalism Unmasked. 

Tuttle, J. M.—The Minnesota Pineries. 

V. 

Van Ingen, Rev. J. V.—Memorial, &c. f on Church Foundation. 

w. 

Wakefield, Mrs. Sarah F.—Six weeks in the Sioux Teepes. 
Warren, Gen. G. K.—Reports on Survey of Upper Mississippi. 

Physical Features of the Upper Miss. Valley. 
Weeks, Mrs. Helen C.—White and Red. 

Wheelock, Jos. A.—Minnesota; Its Place among the States. 

Minnesota; Its Progress and Capabilities. 
Whipple, Rt. Rev. H. B.— Address to the 10th Convention, &c. 







I 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 75 

Whittlesey, Chas.—G eology and Minerals. 

Wilkinson, M. S.—Revised Statutes of 1851. 

Willard, J. A.—Blue Earth Co.; its Advantages, &c. 

Williams, Rev. Edwin Sidney —Christian Amusements. A Sermon. 
Williams, J. F.—Carver Centenary. 

Early History of St. Paul. 

Reports of Historical Society, 18G8-9-70. 

The Minnesota Guide. 

Atlantic Cable Celebration, St. Paul. 

Williamson, Rev. T. S.—Translations into Dakota. 

Discourse before Synod of Minnesota. 
Williamson, John P.—Dakota School Books, etc. 

Windom, Wm. —Speech on Nor. Pac. R. R. Bill. 

Winston, T. B.—Minnesota—a bundle of facts, &c. 

Wolff, Albert —Gedichte Vermischten Inhalts. 

Wolfe, J. M.—Winona Directory. 

Woods, Maj. S.—Pembina Settlement, &c. 


*** The foregoing article was completed February, 1870, and includes only 
books issued up to that time. 


A REMINISCENCE OF FT. SNELLING 


BY MRS. CHARLOTTE 0. VAN CLEYE. 


Like the old man in Dickens’ “ Child’s Story,” “ I am always 
remembering : come and remember with me.” 

I close my eyes and recall an evening some forty-two years 
ago, when, in one of the stone houses near Fort Snelling, 
which was our home at that time, a pleasant company of officers 
and their families w r ere spending a social evening with my 
parents. The doors were thrown open, for the weather was 
warm, and one of the officers, Capt. Cruger, 1 was walking on 
the piazza, when we were all startled by the sound of rapid 
firing very near us. The captain rushed into the house, much 
agitated, exclaiming, “ That bullet almost grazed my ear! ” 
What could it mean: were the Indians surrounding us ? 

Soon the loud yells and shrieks from the Indian camp near 
our house made it evident that the treaty of peace, made that 
afternoon between the Sioux and Chippewas, had ended, as all 
those treaties did, in treachery and bloodshed. The principal 
men of the tw r o nations had met at the Indian Agency, and, in 
the presence of Maj. Taliaferro, 2 their u White Father,” had 

1. Capt. Wm. E. Cruger was a native of New York, and graduated at 
West Point in 1819. Ho was commissioned Second Lieutenant of the Fifth 
Infantry on July 12, 1820; and promoted to First Lieutenant, June, 1824; 
Adjutant in 1827; and Captain in October, 1833. He resigned under circum¬ 
stances derogatory to his character, on Oct. 31, 1836, and died soon after in 
New York, where he had sunk to poverty and obscurity.—W. 

2. Lawrence Taliaferro was born in Virginia, Feb. 28,1794; enlisted in 
war of 1812, at age of 16; rose to the rank of First Lieutenant; and at close 
of war was retained, with that rank, in the regular service. In 1819 resigned, 
and was appointed Indian Agent at “Saint Peter’s,” which post he held 21 
years, by successive reappointments, until January, 1840, when he resigned. 
He is now U. S. Military Storekeeper at Bedford, Pa.—W. 





A REMINISCENCE OF FORT SNELLING. 


77 


made a solemn treaty ol peace. In the evening, at the wigwam 
of the Chippewa chief, they had ratified this treaty by smoking 
the pipe of peace together; and then, before the smoke of the 
emblematic pipe had cleared away, the treacherous Sioux had 
gone out and deliberately fired into the wigwam, killing and 
wounding several of the unsuspecting inmates. The Cliippewas 
of course returned the fire, and this was what had startled us 
all and broken up the pleasant little gathering at my father’s 1 
house. 

The Cliippewas sought refuge and protection with their 
wounded within the walls of the fort, commanded at that time 
by Col. Josiah Snelling, 2 for whom it was named. They were 

1. Maj. Nathan Clark was born in May, 1789, near Worcester, Mass. He 
entered the service as a Second Lieutenant in the 37th Infantry in 1812. 
After serving with honor in the war, he was retained at its close, and 
appointed in the regular army, being assigned to the Fifth Infantry. He was 
stationed on recruiting service some time at Hartford, Conn., where he 
became acquainted with and married, in 1816, Miss Charlotte Ann Seymour, 
daughter of Thomas Seymour of that city. After about two years of service 
at various posts, Maj. Clark returned to Hartford, whence he was, in 1819, 
ordered to join his regiment at Detroit, at which place it rendezvoused, 
previous to coming to St. Peter’s (Mendota.) The march from Detroit to 
Px*airie du Chien, through a wilderness, was one of hardship, especially to 
the ladies who accompanied the regiment. On arriving at Prairie du Chien, 
Mrs. Van Cleve, the authoress of this sketch, was born, on July 1, 1819. 
After a little stay at Prairie du Chien, Maj. Clark and his family proceeded 
to St. Peter’s, which was their home for nearly eight years. Maj. Clark was, 
during this period, commissary of the post. In 1827 he was ordered to Fort 
Crawford, and after remaining there several months, was sent to Nashville 
on recruiting service. While at this post, the family became acquainted 
with Gen. Jackson, then running for President (1S28.) Some interesting remi¬ 
niscences of “ Old Hickory,” as he was called at that period, were contributed 
by Mrs. Van Cleve to Parton’s Life of Jackson, Vol. Ill, p. 159. Maj. Clark 
was next stationed at Smithland, Ky., and then at Cincinnati, where his 
family resided some three or four years. Meantime, he commanded Fort 
Howard during the Black Hawk War, and was joined by his family in 1833, 
at Fort Winnebago. Wis. Maj. Clark died at that post, of disease induced by 
exposure and frontier service, on Feb. 18, 1S36. His remains now repose in 
Spring Grove Cemetery, at Cincinnati. His widow, Mrs. Ciiarlote A. Clark, 
still survives, with faculties unimpaired by age. Her memory, and that oi 
her daughter, Mrs. Van Cleve, is a storehouse of the most entertaining and 
valuable historical reminiscences of early days in the Northwest, most of 
which have never been recorded. I am glad to add, that on a recent visit to 
Mrs. Van Cleve, I found her engaged in writing up copious memoirs of the 
days of half a centui'y ago, and secured a promise to have them placed, 
when completed, at the disposal of this Society.—W. 

2. Col. Josiah Snelling was born in Massachusetts in 1782. He was com¬ 
missioned First Lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry in 1808, Regimental 
Paymaster in April, 1809, and promoted to a Captaincy in June following. 
Breveted Major for gallantry at Brownstbwn in August, 1812. In April, 1813, 


i 




78 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


kindly cared for, and the wounded were tenderly nursed in 
our hospital. One, a little girl, daughter of the chief, excited 
much sympathy, and I cannot forget the interest I felt in her, 
for she was but a year or two older than myself, and it seemed 
to me so cruel to ruthlessly put out her young life. I remember 
the ladies of the fort were very kind and tender to her, and since 
I have had little girls of my own, I know why. She lingered 
but a few days, in great agony, and then God took her out of 
her pain to that land where the poor little, wandering, wounded 
child should know sin or suffering no more. 

Meanwhile our colonel, a prompt and efficient officer, 
demanded of the Sioux the murderers, and in a very few days, 
a body of Sioux were seen advancing towards the fort, as was 
supposed, to deliver up the criminals. Two companies of 
soldiers were sent to meet them and receive the murderers at 
their hands. Strange to say, although they had the men, they 
refused to give them up. Our interpreter, I cannot recall his 
name, stepped out from among our soldiers, and said: 

“ If you do not yield up these men peaceabty, then, as many 
leaves as there are on these trees, as many blades of grass as 
you see beneath your feet, so many white men will come upon 
you, burn your villages, and destroy your nation.” 


was appointed Assistant Inspector General, and in February, 1S48, com¬ 
missioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourth Rifles. He served with honor 
at the battles of Tippecanoe, Maguaga, and Lyons Creek, and other engage¬ 
ments in the war of 1812, and at its close was retained as Lieutenant 
Colonel of the Sixth Infantry. He was promoted to Colonel of the Fifth 
Infantry in 1819. The Fifth Infantry was ordered to St. Peter’s (Mendota) 
in February of that year, and in August, 1820, Col. Snelling arrived, took 
command of the post, and in September commenced to build “Fort St. 
Anthony.” It was completed for occupancy in the fall of 1822. In 1S24, 
Gen. Scott visited and inspected it. At his recommendation, the War 
Department changed the name to “Fort Snelling,” in honor of its builder. 
In the summer of 1827, the Fifth Regiment was ordered to Jefferson Barracks. 
Col. Snelling proceeded to Washington on official business, and while there 
was seized with inflammation of the brain and died on August 28th. Col. 
Snelling had two sons who have been eminent. Wm. Joseph Snelling was 
an author of ability, and wrote a book entitled: “Tales of the Northxoest; or, 
Sketches of Indian Life and Character. By a Resident beyond the Frontier.’’ 
(Boston, 1830.) Catlin speaks in unbounded praise of the work as a faithful 
picture of Indian Life. The author, a man of genius, but unfortunate habits, 
died in Massachusetts in 1848, aged 44 years. The other son of Col. Snelling, 
James G. S. Snelling, entered the army and served with distinction in the 
Mexican War. The widow of Col. Snelling is still living in Cincinnati, O., 
at an advanced age, having remarried after the colonel’s death.—'W. 





A REMINISCENCE OF FORT SNELLING. 


79 


A few moments’ consideration, a few hurried words of con¬ 
sultation, and the guilty men were handed over to our troops. 
The tribe followed as they were taken into the fort, and making 
a small fire within the walls, the condemned marched round and 
round it, singing their death songs, and then were given up to 
be put in irons and held in custody until time should determine 
how many lives should pay the forfeit, for it is well known that 
Indian revenge is literally a life for a life, and the colonel had 
decided to give them into the hands of the injured tribe to do 
with them as they would. 

Some weeks passed and it was found that five live§ were to 
be paid for in kind. A council of Chippewas decided that the 
five selected from the prisoners should run the gauntlet, and 
the decision was approved. 

Back over the lapse of these many years I pass and seem to 
be a child again, standing beside my only brother 1 at the back 
door of my father’s house. 

The day is beautiful, the sun is so bright, the grass so green, 
all nature so smiling, it is hard to realize what is going on over 
yonder by the graveyard, in that crowd of men and women. 
For there are gathered together of the Chippewas, old and 
young men, women and children, who have come out to witness 
or take part in this act of retributive justice. There are blue 
coats too, and various badges of our U. S. uniform, for it is 
necessary to throw some restraint around these red men, or 
there may be wholesale murder; and, borne on the shoulders 
of his young men, we see the form of the wounded, dying chief, 
regarding all with calm satisfaction, and no doubt happy in the 
thought that his death, so near, will not go unavenged. And 
there stand the young braves who have been selected as 
the executioners: their rifles are loaded, the locks carefully 
examined, and all is ready when the word shall be given. 

1. Malcolm Clark was the only son of Maj. Nathan Clark. He was born at 
Fort Wayne, Ind. (where his father was temporarily stationed) in 1817. His 
entire life was passed on the frontier—his early boyhood at Fort Snelling— 
and he became a proficient in several Indian tongues, and thoroughly 
acquainted with savage life and customs, ultimately becoming allied to them 
by marriage. He had many thrilling adventures during his long residence 
with the Indians, and after innumerable escapes finally met his death at the 
hands of the Blackfeet Indians, at his trading post near Helena, Montana 
Territory, Aug. 18, 1869, aged nearly 53 years.—W. 



80 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


There too, under guard, are the five men who are to pay the 
forfeit for the five lives taken so wantonly and treacherously. 

Away off, I cannot tell how many rods, but it seems to us 
children a long run , are stationed the Sioux tribe, and that is 
the goal for which the wretched men must run for their lives. 

And now all seems ready; and we stand on tiptoe, while 
the balls and chains are knocked off and the captives are set 
free. At a word one of the doomed men starts, the rifles with 
unerring aim are fired, and under cover of the smoke a man falls 
dead. They reload, the word is given, another starts with a 
bound for home ; but ah ! the aim of those clear-sighted, blood¬ 
thirsty red men is too deadly; and so one after another until 
four are down. 

And then the last, “Little Six”—whom at that distance, we 
children readily recognize, from his commanding height and 
graceful form; he is our friend, and we hope he will get home. 
He starts,—they fire,—the smoke clears away and still he is 
running,—we clap our hands, and say “ he will get home; ” 
but another volley and our favorite, almost at the goal, springs 
into the air and comes down—dead ! I cover my face and shed 
tears of real sorrow for our friend. And now follows a scene 
that beggars description. The bodies, all warm and limp, are 
dragged to the brow of the hill. Men who at the sight of 
blood, become almost fiends, tear off the reeking scalps and 
band them to the chief, who hangs them around his neck. 
Women and children with tomahawks and knives cut deep 
gashes in the poor dead bodies, and scooping up the hot blood 
with their hands, eagerly drink it; then, grown frantic, they 
dance, and yell, and sing their horrid scalp songs, recounting 
deeds of valor on the part of their brave men, and telling off 
the Sioux scalps, taken in different battles, until tired and 
satiated at last with their horrid feast, they leave the mutilated 
bodies—festering in the sun. 

At nightfall they are thrown over the bluff into the river, 
and my brother and myself, awe Struck and quiet, trace their 
hideous voyage down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. 
We lie awake that night talking of the dreadful sight we have 
seen, and we try to imagine what the people in New Orleans 
will think when they see those ghastly upturned faces ; —and 


A REMINISCENCE OF FORT SNELLING. 


81 


we talk with quivering lips and tearful eyes of “ Little Six,” 
and of the many kind things he has done for us, the bows and 
arrows, the mocauks of sugar, the pretty beaded moccasins, he 
has given us ; and we wish, oh! we wish, he could have run 
faster, or that the Chippewa rifles had missed fire. And we 
sleep and dream of scalps, and rifles, and war whoops, and 
frightful yells, and wake, wishing it had all been a dream. 

Next day the dying chief sat up in bed, painted himself for 
death, sang his death song, and with those five fresh, bloody 
scalps about his neck lay down and died, calmly and peace¬ 
fully, in the comfortable hope, no doubt, of a welcome in those 
“ happy hunting grounds,” prepared by the “ Good Spirit,” for 
all those Indians who are faithful to their friends, and avenge 
themselves upon their foes. 

A few j^ears ago I told this story to another “ Little Six,” 
“ Old Shakopee,” as he lay, with gyves upon his legs, in our 
guard house at Fort Snelling, awaiting execution, for almost 
numberless cold-blooded murders, perpetrated during the dread¬ 
ful massacre of ’62. He remembered it all, and his wicked old 
face lighted up with joy as he told me he was the son of that 
“Little Six” who made so brave a run for his life; and he 
showed as much pride and pleasure in listening to the recital 
of his father’s treacherous conduct, as the children of our great 
generals will do some day, as they read or hear of deeds of 
bravery or daring that their fathers have done. 

Saint Anthony , 1869. 


% 


H 


NARRATIVE OF PAUL MAZAKOOTEMANE. 


TRANSLATED BT ETV. S. £. BIGGS. 

The Declaration of Paul M a z a e optew aye. of the Dakota 
People. 

I desire that the American people, who are my friends, 
should listen to this my personal narrative. 3 

I was born an Indian, and consequently I did not know to 
distinguish between the good and the bad. I followed the 
Dakota customs alone.—and this I did until I was twenty-nine 
years old. Then the American soared //<en came among my 
people and commenced to teach therm Put I did not under¬ 
stand, and I thought if i should give my attention to it for 
ten years, I should still not understand it. Put when I had 
learned to put two or three letters together, J began to com¬ 
prehend the writing, from which 1 progressed until J was able 
to read a little. Then I began to rea/1 the sacred writing, but I 
did not stiij know that the great God would have mercy on me. 

Py and by I came to know this, and then the sacred writing 
showed me that for all my past evil deeds 1 must /lie. After¬ 
wards came the conviction that / was even now dead, but the 
great God was me/c,fuj and ha/J given 11 is Son only Begotten 
V/ die for us; and Me ha/1 died for sin, that through his suffer¬ 
ings we might live. So the question came up, “ What shall i 
d/> to be saved?" and morning and night 1 sought by prayer 
to know how 1 could be saved, 

j. IS/. K//>V< *ay* to a /e/to tu/vtmymy\n% t.hi* "i rsssfvsd u*J» 

oturuUv*'4 t'AUh, Written by htioteit In tin bukoU Imkum**. 
- ■ V--" '/v. */«•>,/, nl*» of //,. laU Him** /, 7 „ 

M/an*,/«, H voM U- yam*Uto ' r»i# MS. of /tom. 
n written in a naai, a///) teto/iwriy to»,nn*f, W , 






*2 


AJt«£r a while me mtmat God xry rimer wr wig hc mi xie irrar 
ti an tv~MT "ng. im: made me i aesiier uni jml iiSee-rearMT in 
ns nnnu. Tims rue gnod 'G:d brauenc m xs wld -ttpp ne 
▼37 of ire : mi new me y:sp»d mis rakm om«:t rad will mow 
*mmy xe Imiians. F ir ms we 7m zr±az mimo. 

Then me mtani n*n wnc zame m xs. munseileL me mf -^id 
me to pun cif my lHfcnt» iliiiies inti be ~rre a this man ; m 
MU iif ni" mnr ami pun m whore man 5 momes. This I -rum-mr 
was rood advice. And I acted ml jcearninee mer °w~-n. W ~-~r a 
r . d ximorer ar mj mends I mizmd ml~ ir^ss. irr 

jf xs at one Trin e tum df :ar hair ind puc am me winze xram > 
nmss Ami Termed oarseL^ee mlto a separate jenmnmiTy. of w hich 
mey eieered me chief; ami oar separate band was an once 
zeeoesiized by me AMeni. Xtifst. Tins- was ml Isjo. 
Tie AgeriT was well pleased wm oar on.ward me “emenn and 
said. “ If all me Dakncas weald do m it would be weZL^ It 
was wed. I liked in. 

The xerrr year Ixsefadocta Scacien Foot klled a £-m*t 
nan - winze people. And as I mow considered myself a whim 
-nan , my aeam was sad foe ms mono. At mis mne Xa.m 
F morznat: was apeum Hi called me Pakocas m^ecier; ami 
when ad me people had eeare. he asked mem to 7? ami rescue 
me wemen captives wire were ml me iambs of basaxvjA 
Ky iearr was real lad abeur ami l said 1 weald seed -xm. 
I wenT and searched for Tie to. and aibor two or a s L s .0re* red 
m IroiiTOMM MM Kiss Aloe Gao- ; too. roe on rema. 07 osp- 
Vs\- : vVv - .0 ;o >:. 1- r 0 r md 

ier no the Governor* " Yea are a brave man* and yoa have 
Icae a great oeed* You lave aevveo^dshed a preax gyed work 
Mireoco vonrbeaveryd oe sard vo 0 Ho ^ ksc ie >eold 
wr\Te aboat it to the Great Famec* w 00 wodd Ike A also. 

For :o.;s 1 gave « mo' vs to Tie gtea: God 1 sard ' G God* 
my Father* thoa hast mvo $sSed ;i> ueevy. aad b> o s good 

v; V - ' 

do mrs p.xvi thro^l 

The year tvvlU'WM*^ thts* dxrr vX The 1 0 v Y a^ecs and four 

- vS* '• ' 

- - M‘ v > > 

WashsU^tow itt aNxiT a rvr.Th. \Y 0 wea; to the Great hkTMeck 








84 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


house and shook hands with him, when he said to me, “ Paul 
Mazakootemane, I bless your name. When you go home, tell 
your people to follow the white man’s customs alone.” So 
when I returned I counselled my people according to the words 
of our Great Father. We planted larger fields, for the great 
God had mercy on us. We built also two sacred houses 
(churches) in my country. And when the chiefs of the Leaf 
and Marsh Villagers talked with the white people, they made 
me their spokesman. So I asked my Father the great God to 
give me wisdom, and I think he granted it to me. 

Then suddenly came the outbreak of the Lower Indians (the 
Mdawakontonwans.) I heard they were fighting with the white 
people ; and I hastened to the mission station at Hazelwood to 
keep my sacred men from being killed. By night and by day I 
guarded them. My young men were few, but we did a good 
work in saving the lives of all the mission families. In this I 
thought the good Lord had mercy on me, and I gave thanks. 
I said, “ O God, my Father, thou hast shown to me thy favor, 
in that thou hast enabled me to save alive my friends.” 

This was in 1862 . Then we were alone with the Dakotas ; 
and I saw no opening for good. But I did not forget the word 
of the great God my Father, and I think He led me to a strong 
purpose. 

As I went from tent to tent in the Dakota camp I saw a great 
many white women and children captives. On that account 
my heart was very sad, and I became almost sick. I considered 
what I could do to save these captives. And He who is mer¬ 
ciful and strong helped me, and in answer to my prayers gave 
me strength. So I went into the assembly of all the Dakota 
braves, and I said to them, “ If you will give me leave in your 
council, I will speak to you of a certain matter.” They gave 
me leave to speak. Then I stood up and said, “ When this 
people in times past have assembled in council I have been 
their speaker; but that time is past. I want to speak now to 
you of what is in my own heart. Give me all these white cap¬ 
tives. I will deliver them up to their friends. You Dakotas 
are numerous—you can afford to give these captives to me, and 
I will go with them to the white people. Then, if you want to 
fight, when you see the white soldiers coming to fight, fight 




NARRATIVE OF PAUL MAZAKOOTEMANE. 


85 


with them, but don’t fight with women and children. Or stop 
fighting. The Americans are a great people. They have much 
lead, powder, guns, and provisions. Stop fighting, and now 
gather up all the captives and give them to me. No one who 
fights with the white people ever becomes rich, or remains two 
days in one place, but is always fleeing and starving. You 
have said that whoever talks in this way shall not live—that 
you will kill him. Stop talking in that way, and if any one 
says what is good, listen to it.” 

Then White Lodge’s son,who is called “Strike the Pawnees,” 
arose and said, “ If we are to die, these captives shall die with 
us ”—and to this they all said “ Yes.” 

I then returned home and made a great feast myself, to 
w r hich I invited more than two hundred men. When they came 
together I again demanded the captives, and made a long 
speech. They had said they would fight the Americans and 
make friends with the British. To this 1 answered, “ When 
you say you will fight the Americans and attach yourselves 
firmly to the British, you say what is not true. Forsake then 
your evil doings, for the British will dislike every one who is 
wicked and disobedient, even though he be a white man. This 
is my thought: listen to it, and deliver up to me the captives.” 

Then Rattling Runner, one of the chief braves said to me, 
“ The braves say they will not give you the captives. The 
Mdawakontonwans are men, and therefore as long as one of 
them lives they will not stop pointing their guns at the Ameri¬ 
cans.” 

Next to him a man who is called The Thunder that makes 
itself blue said to me, “ Although we shall die bravely, and 
though the captives die in the way, I don’t care. Don’t men¬ 
tion the captives any more.” 

When they had said these things, they arose and departed, 
and as they went home they sang a soldier’s song:— 

“ Over the earth I come; 

Over the earth I come; 

A soldier I come; 

Over the earth I am a ghost.” 

This is the song they sang. I disliked it very much; and 
although my young men were few, I said to them, “ Take your 


86 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

guns; this people have wrought a great wickedness which I 
will cut in two.” So they took up their guns. I then gathered 
all the horses and wagons that had been taken from the half 
breeds and restored them to them. Then I called especially 
upon my friends among the Sissetons. After this I invited the 
Sissetons and the Mdawankontons all—and on the one side 
were Sissetons, and on the other side the Mdawakontons. I 
took my stand in the midst. They said they would kill me; 
but as I wished to die in the midst of a great multitude, I 
spoke thus: “ Sissetons, the Mdawakontons have made war 

upon the white people, and have now fled up here. I have 
asked them why they did this, but I do not yet understand it. 
I have asked them to do me a favor, but they have refused. 
Now I will ask them again in your hearing. Mdawakontons, 
why have you made war on the white people ? The Americans 
have given us money, food, clothing, ploughs, powder, tobacco, 
guns, knives, and all things by which we might live well; and 
they have nourished us even like a father his children. Why 
then have you made war upon them ? You did not tell me you 
were going to fight with the white people ; and how then should 
I approve it? No, I will go over to the white people. If they 
wish it they may kill me. If they don’t wish to kill me, I shall 
live. So, all of you who do not want to fight with the white 
people, come over to me. I have now one hundred men. We 
are going over to the white people. Deliver up to me the 
captives. And as many of you as don’t wish to fight with the 
whites, gather yourselves together to-day and come to me—all 
of you who are willing.” 

Having said these things to them, I removed my tent out to 
one side, the same day. Then His Thunder, who had Mr. 
Spencer, one of the captives, came and pitched his tent by 
mine. And all who valued the friendship of the Americans 
came also—such as Simon and Lorenzo of the Wahpetons. 
Also two Sissetons, viz., Wamdisuntanka (Great-tailed Eagle) 
and IIayokisna (Hayoka alone.) These were both good men, 
and each had a captive boy; but they took care of them as 
their own children. The captive that Great-tailed Eagle 
had was without clothes. He sold a horse and bought clothes 



NARRATIVE OP PAUL MAZAKOOTEMANE. 87 

and dressed up the captive boy very well. And I thought he 
did a good deed. 

After this they gathered up the captives and gave them to 
me. And now Gen. Sibley came with his army. I remained 
at our camp near the mouth of the Chippewa, while a great 
part of the Dakotas fled. When the white troops came near, 
I raised a white flag. Gen. Sibley came on and encamped 
near me, and so I shook hands with him and with all the officers. 
Then I said, “ I have grown up like a child of yours. With 
what is yours, you have caused me to grow; and now I take 
your hand as a child takes the hand of his father. My hand 
is not bad. With a clean hand I take your hand. I know 
whence this blessing cometh. I have regarded all white people 
as my friends, and from this I understand this blessing has 
come. This is a good work we do to-day, whereof I am glad. 
Yes, before the great God I am glad.” 

Gen. Sibley said to me, “ This is good. Henceforth I will 
take you into my service.” Since that I and my children have 
lived well. And from that time more than ever I have regarded 
myself as a white man, and I have counselled my boys accor¬ 
dingly. 

There was then a fort built at the head of the Coteau des 
Prairies ; and the officer in command made known the will of 
the Great Father. He said that' all the Dakotas who wished 
for good might come to the head of the Coteau and live. 
“ Come, come,” he said to the Dakotas, “ the Great Father is 
merciful, and will have mercy on any one who is needy.” This 
he said giving them the invitation. Then all the men who 
wished for the friendship of the white people came in, and 
with their people desired good. These are the chief men— 
Wasukiye, Wamnahize, Wasuiciyapa, Wamdisuntanka, Isakiye 
and Hupacokamaza. These first shook hands with the white 
people and desired that they and their children might live. 

I talked with these men, and said to them, “ Why did you 
flee ? You were not implicated in the war of the Lower Sioux 
with the white people. What did you fear, that you fled and 
did not come back for a long time ? ” 

They said, “Indeed we knew that the Americans were furious, 


88 


MINNESOTA HISfORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


and therefore we fled. But now our Great Father says we may 
live, and therefore we have come back.” 

I went with them to see the commanding officer of the fort, 
with whom they had a talk. He said to them, “ The Great 
Father has commanded me to invite all the Indians to come 
back who do not want to fight. The Great Father wishes to 
have no more fighting ; therefore he has commanded me to call 
in all the Indians, and he says you shall do no more fighting.” 
To this they said “ Yes.” 

Then Great-tailed Eagle, one of the Dakota chiefs, stood 
up and said, “ The guns, and the tobacco, and the lead, and 
the knives which we have are all made by the Americans. If 
we fight the Americans we must use these things that we have 
of them, to fight with. Therefore we dislike the fighting. By 
the help of the Americans we live ; and we do not wish to fight 
the Americans with the things they have made. I desire only 
that which is good, and therefore I have come to shake hands 
with you that I may live.” 

To this the commanding officer replied, “ You have spoken 
well. Before the snow comes, I will send your name to the 
Great Father.” 

The Hail that strikes itself, another Dakota chief, said, 
“ Shall one who is a chief seek what is bad? I am a chief, and 
therefore I seek only the good.” 

To this the officer replied, “ Yes, you speak well. Your 
Great Father seeks only that which is good.” 

After these words, when winter was coming on, another 
Dakota chief came in—this was Scarlet Eagle Tail and his 
people. Seven chiefs and their people were now here. 

About this time the commanding officer employed them as 
scouts, and every Dakota that they saw, who came to the region 
of Fort Wadsworth on the war path, they killed. In all they 
killed thirteen. So the rebellion was stopped, and all the 
people desired to return to what was good. 

During this time I was in the employ of the military and had 
charge of carrying the mails. A letter came to me which said, 
“We are going to Washington ; if you wish you shall go along ; 
if you don’t wish to go you shall not go.” But as the principal 
Dakota men were not going, I did not go. I said, “ The Great 


NARRATIVE OF RAUL MAZAKOOTEMANK. 89 

Father has been in the habit of calling the chief men. Why 
now has he not called the chiefs? Why has he not called one 
good man?” 

When they had been to see the Great Father and returned, 
1 heard them say that the Great Father had given us the 
country at the head of the Coteau. And I said to them, “ I 
am glad that our Great Father has given us this country to be 
ours ; so that here we may be the people of our Great Father 
—that in this land we may make known the sacred 'writings — 
that every one of us us may have our own sacred book —that 
each man may have one w r ife—and that we may cease to hold 
the Dakota customs, but each one marry his wife, and thus the 
sacred brotherhood may grow.” 

I thought they all desired this. Moreover while I was absent 
the Dakotas all came together and said, “ Since we desire to 
have a good community, we will make a good and believing 
man head chief.” They said they would elect him for two 
years, and if he did well he should remain in for four years. 
But if he did not well they would put him out, although he 
had not been in one year. On this platform they chose Simon 
Anawanymane. 

Then Bishop Whipple and Dr. Daniels came up with provi¬ 
sions and clothing. The Dakota people were glad. At that 
time Hupacokamaza, one of the chiefs, stood up and said, 
“We Dakotas have made a head chief, of which I tell you.” 
But the Bishop said, “ No, I will talk with the one whom your 
Great Father has made chief.” 

The Dakotas wondered who it was he meant. Then Gabriel 
Renville stood up and talked with him. But the Dakota men 
said, “ We are Dakotas, and it is not fit that a white man 
should be our chief. We want to have a chief from among 
ourselves. The Americans are wise—wl^ did they do this 
without our knowledge ? Behind Gabriel Renville there are 
four others who were made chiefs. Why did the Americans do 
this without our consent?” 1 heard these things said. 

Then the blankets were given out. But to a part they gave 
no blankets. The}^ gave only to those who had cut timber. 
And when to only a part of the people provisions were given 
by the braves, the sacred man said, “ I have mercy upon them 
12 



90 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


and will give them a portion.” But then four Dakota head 
men said, “ These provisions are ours, and we alone will have 
them.” Then the sacred man's heart was sad. When he saw 
the poverty and want of the Dakotas his heart was sad. 

My heart also was sad on this account; and when I con¬ 
sidered the hard times they would meet with this winter, and 
with what difficult} 7, they would reach the spring, I went into 
their assembly and talked to them. I said, “ The sacred man 
was merciful, but you did not do well. As the holy Jesus 
came to this earth and was merciful, so it is good that all men 
should have mercy one upon another. But you have not done 
well. Nevertheless, trust in the great God. If our Great 
Father gives the Dakotas only what he has sent by the hands 
of Bishop Whipple, he will have done well. But the Dakota 
chiefs have not done well. This I know.” 

And now my friends of the great American people, I am 
fifty-eight years old when I write this which you hear. 

My friends of the Great Nation, one and all, I shake hands 
with you. 

Paul. 

March 19, 1869. 


i 




MEMOIR OF EX-GOV. HENRY A. SWIFT. 


BY J. F. W. 


Henry Adoniram Swift was born in Ravenna, Ohio, March 
23, 1823, and was the second son of Dr. Isaac Swift and 
Mrs. Eliza (Thompson) Swift, both of whom were among the 
early settlers of Ohio. The former, who has now reached the 
venerable age of eighty years, was a native of Cornwall, Litch¬ 
field County, Conn., and came to Ohio in 1815. Mrs. Swift 
was born in Stockbridge, Mass., and came to Ohio with her 
parents in 1814. The youth of Ex-Gov. Swift was one of 
unusual promise, which was well fulfilled by his maturer years. 
After a course of academic study, he entered Western Reserve 
College, at Hudson, O., and graduated about the year 1842, 
with high honors in his class. He spent the next winter in 
Mississippi, as a teacher. The events of his residence in that 
State were such as to give him an abhorrence for the “accursed 
institution,” and ever afterwards during his life he conscien¬ 
tiously labored for its overthrow. Indeed, at one time he 
became obnoxious to parties in the neighborhood on account of 
his free-soil views, and his life was threatened, but he returned 
safely to his former home. He at once began the study of law 
in the office of Messrs. Tilden & Ranney, Ravenna, and in 
October, 1845, was admitted to practice. The winter of 1846-7 
he passed at Columbus, as Assistant Clerk of the House of 
Representatives. The succeeding winters of 1847-8 and 1848-9 
he also passed at Columbus, being chosen Chief Clerk of the 
House, for the sessions of those years. In this position he 
acquitted himself well, and especially during the protracted 
dead-lock in the House at the opening of the Session of Decern 


92 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


ber, 1848, over the election of speaker, an important and 
delicate duty devolved upon the clerk, and in this matter that 
officer so bore himself as to receive the approbation and confi¬ 
dence of the entire body. 

In September, 1851, Mr. Swift was married to Miss Ruth 
Livingston, of Gettysburg, Pa. He now devoted his time 
assiduously to his profession, and the affairs of the Portage 
Farmer’s Insurance Company, of which he was secretary. In 
1853, however, feeling anxious to have a more extended field 
for his abilities, he resolved to emigrate to Minnesota. Placing 
all his worldly effects upon a steamboat at Pittsburg, with his 
wife and infant daughter, he made the entire trip by river, 
landing at St. Paul, then a town of a few hundred inhabitants, 
early in the spring of 1853. Here he at once opened an office 
as a real estate and insurance agent, and soon after built a resi¬ 
dence on College Avenue, now occupied by E. 8 . Edgerton, Esq. 

He remained a resident of St. Paul about three years, 
devoting all his abilities in various ways to the good of the 
young commonwealth in which he had made his home. In 
1856 he sold his St. Paul property and invested his means in 
the “ Saint Peter Company,” which had laid out a new town of 
that name, then coming into notice, though as yet almost with¬ 
out population. The town grew very rapidly during the next 
two years, however, and his investments proved quite profitable. 
The crash of 1857 almost wrecked him, (as it did all other 
extensive land owners,) but by prudent management he finally 
recovered from the shock, and before his death had again placed 
himself in easy circumstances. The early years of his residence 
at St. Peter were years of hardship and privation incident to 
frontier life, but he bore them all patiently. He threw his 
whole energy into the task of building up and benefitting the 
town in every way possible, and lived to see it grow from the 
little liamlet to a flourishing busy city, and himself become 
almost “ the idol of the community,” so universally was he 
beloved and esteemed. 

Gov. Swift first came prominently before the people of 
Minnesota in the fall of 1857, when he was a candidate for 
Congress, during a heated and exciting canvass. He appeared 
frequently on the stump, and gained much admiration even 


MEMOIR OF EX-GOV. HENRY A. SWIFT. 93 

from his opponents, for his clear and comprehensive statements 
of the political issues of the hour, and his fair, candid, and 
dignified treatment of the opposite party. In debate he was 
eloquent, logical, and conclusive, despising all clap-trap and 
the usual tricks of demagoguery. Gov. Swift’s party were not 
successful in the campaign, but he won the respect of all who 
met him, and stood higher at its close than before. 

In the fall of 1861, Gov. Swift was elected from his district 
a member of the State Senate, and served during the two 
sessions of 1862 and 1863. One who was associated with him 
as a fellow member sa} 7 s : “ He was always courteous, genial, 

and manly—as careful of the rights of others as he was jealous 
of his own. He never addressed the Senate, except when 
important matters were under discussion, but then his matter 
and manner impressed every listener with a profound conviction 
of his earnestness.” Most acceptabty and ably he represented 
his district during these two sessions, and not the people of his 
district merely, but of the whole State, for he ever labored 
faithfully for its w r elfare, and many of the measures of those 
sessions bear the impress of his watchful care and anxiety to 
advance the prosperity of the State. 

When the terrible news of the Indian massacre reached St. 
Peter, on Aug. 18, 1862, Gov. Swift was one of the party that 
promptly formed and marched to the relief of the town of New’ 
Ulm, about 30 miles distant. They arrived there the next day 
about noon, in time to repulse the Indians after a hot action. 
Gov. Swift was also in the battle of Aug. 23d, and acted with 
conspicuous coolness and bravery. Mr. Bryant says, in his 
History of the Massacre : 

“At one time H. A. Swift went up on the side of the first 
table land adjoining the town, to make observations, when he 
was fired upon from a log building onty a few rods off, which 
was full of Indians. He instantly dropped down behind a 
slight elevation of ground. While lying there, Indian balls 
plowed up the ground all around him. During this time Judge 
Flandrau and S. A. Buell came dashing up on horseback, 
and but for the timely warning of Mr. Swift, both would, un¬ 
doubtedly, have been shot, as they were not aware of the near 
proximity of the savages.” 


94 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


He remained in the town doing what he could for its defence, 
until it was abandoned, and all the inhabitants and property 
removed. He was everywhere active in assisting the poor 
fugitives who had fled from the murderous savages and sought 
refuge in the town—many of them wounded and sick, and to 
the wants of the latter he personally ministered, assisting the 
needy liberally from his own purse. One who knew him well 
has written: “He shouldered his musket and took his turn at 
guard duty at night in the midst of rain and exposure to which 
he was wholly unaccustomed. It brought upon him a disease, 
from the effects of which his delicate constitution never re¬ 
covered. He sacrificed his life for others, and is as truly a 
victim of the Sioux War, as if he had fallen before an Indian 
bullet in the battle of New Ulm.” 

During the second term of his service in the State Senate, 
Lieutenant-Governor Donnelly resigned his seat, having been 
elected Congressman, his term commencing March 4th, 1863. 
On March 5th, Gov. Swift was elected by the Senate to fill the 
vacancy. Gov. Alex. Ramsey having been elected as U. S. 
Senator during the same session, resigned the Governorship 
during the following month, and Gov. Swift being his legal 
successor, was installed in the gubernatorial chair, thus by 
rapid promotion assuming the chief office of the commonwealth 
for the balance of the term. 

The following summer, when the matter of the incumbent of 
the next term was agitated, he was strongly urged to accept 
the nomination. This he firmly declined to do, as it would 
require either a protracted absence from his domestic circle, 
which he loved so well, or a residence in St. Paul, for which 
the salary of Governor was inadequate. He did, however, at 
the solicitation of his fellow citizens of St. Peter, consent to 
run again for Senator from that district, and was re-elected for 
the sessions of 1864 and 1865, both of which he attended, and 
“ did the State some service ” on important and responsible 
committees. 

During the session of 1865, a United States Senator was 
chosen, and Ex-Gov. Swift was urged to be a candidate for this 
position, but with his instinctive delicacy and modesty, he 
shrank from entering the lists, as. he knew there were many 


memoir or ex-gov. henry a. swift. 95 

unpleasant duties connected with the position in the scramble 
for office where he would be expected to satisfy all, and only 
incur the enmity of many. He finally yielded to the impor¬ 
tunities of his friends, and but a few days before the nominat¬ 
ing caucus consented to the use of his name, but even then put 
forth no efforts on his own behalf. Another person, however, 
was chosen. It has always been conceded that had he made 
any effort to secure the office, he would have been elected. 
Speaking of it to a friend subsequently, he said he was glad he 
was not elected, “for,” he continued, “I shall be ten times 
happier with my family at St. Peter, than as Senator at Wash¬ 
ington.” Perhaps there never was a man more tenderly or de¬ 
votedly attached to his family than Gov. Swift, and the above 
is only an instance of the sacrifices he made that he might not 
be compelled to forego their society. 

During the year 1865 he received the appointment of Regis¬ 
ter at the St. Peter Land Office, which position he held at the 
time of his death. The appointment was entirely unsolicited, 
but it was the only public position he ever really enjoyed, as it 
enabled him to remain in that quiet home that to him was the 
Eden of Earth. 

In 1864 he had lost a daughter of eight years, and a son of 
four years, and in 1866, another child w r as snatched away. 
These bereavements afflicted him deeply, as he was tenderly 
attached to his children. His friends assert that it cast an in- 
effacable shadow upon his life, and probably added to his dis¬ 
like of public office, or any position that would deprive him of 
the society of his wife and two remaining daughters who sur¬ 
vive him. On them his whole affections now centered. 

In February last, he was taken very ill with typhoid fever, 
and for some days his life was threatened. He then seemed to 
rally, and it was thought had passed the critical point and 
*w r ould recover. His friends throughout the State received this 
intelligence with much joy. It was of brief duration, however. 
On the evening of Wednesday, February 24, he suffered a re¬ 
lapse, and rapidly grew worse until ten o’clock the next morn¬ 
ing, when he peacefully and calmly expired, surrounded by his 
heart-broken family and friends. 

The intelligence of his death was received throughout the 


96 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


State with universal tokens of sorrow, evincing the high respect 
felt for him by men of all parties, and eulogies of the warmest 
character were published in almost every Minnesota journal. 
Perhaps never has the death of a citizen of our State excited 
more general regret, or called forth more spontaneous tributes 
to his past life and character. Governor Marshall, on Feb¬ 
ruary 25th, promptly transmitted to both houses of the Legis¬ 
lature, a copy of the telegram received by him announcing Ex- 
Gov. Swift’s death, whereupon both houses at once adjourned, 
as a token of respect to his memory. On the 26th, Gov. 
Marshall sent in the following message : 

State of Minnesota, Executive Department, 
Saint Paul, February 26, 1869. 

To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

A brief telegram transmitted to you yesterday conveyed the sorrowful news 
of the death of Ex-Governor Henry A. Swift, which occured at his home in 
St. Peter, Thursday morning, the 25th instant. 

No such sad and painful duty has before fallen to me, during my public 
service, as this announcement of the death of one who had so honorably oc¬ 
cupied the highest office in the State, and who was respected and beloved by 
our whole people. 

The death of Governor Swift is indeed a public loss, and it is fitting that 
you should, by appropriate official action, testify the public sorrow. Pos¬ 
sessed as he was of rare capacity for public usefulness and of eminent public 
virtues, it was not too much to hope that in the coming years—for he had 
scarcely reached the meridian of life—his mature powers would be of fur¬ 
ther eminent service to the State. 

This profoundly afflictive providence falls with crushing weight upon the 
family of the deceased. While our sorrow is that of the public, mourning the 
loss of one who had been eminent in the public service, and whom many' of 
us had loved as a personal friend, it is to his wife and children an altogether- 
irreparable and life-overshadowing loss. I know it w'ill be your wish to 
testify to those sorrowing ones, who were nearest and dearest to the depart¬ 
ed, the public appreciation of their loss, in such terms as may possibly miti¬ 
gate, in some slight degree, the grief which God alone can assuage. 

I recommend the joint action of the two houses of the Legislature in honor- 
of the memory of the deceased, and in condolence with his afflicted family. 

Respectfully', 

Wm. R. Marshall. 

The following concurrent resolutions were, on March 1st, 
adopted by both bodies : 

Resolved, By' the Senate, the House of Representatives concurring, That 
this Legislature has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Ex-Governor 
Henry A. Swift, notice of which event has been communicated by a special 
message of his Excellency the Governor of this State. 

Resolved , That b.y this dispensation, the State has lost a useful and honored 
citizen, whose life was without guile, and whose public and private career 
was illustrated and adorned by every' manly virtue, his past services consti¬ 
tute a bright chapter in the history of the State, and gave promise of still 


MEMOIR OF EX-GOV. HENRY A. SWIFT. 


97 


greater usefulness to the public service, and of higher honors in a wider 
and more extended sphere of action. 

Resolved , That this Legislature tenders to the family and friends of the 
deceased, its sympathy and condolence in this hour of their supreme afflic¬ 
tion, and conveys to them the assurance that while they mourn the loss of 
a tender husband, an affectionate father, and a constant friend, the State 
regards his death in the midst of his years and at the maturity of his 
powers, as a great public calamity, and will ever cherish the memory of 
Henry A. Swift as one of the most honored, trusted, and useful servants 
of the commonwealth. 

Resolved , That the resolutions be entered upon the journal of either house 
of the Legislature, and that a copy of the same be sent to the widow of the 
deceased, by the Secretary of the Senate. 

In his own commnnity, where he was so well known and so 
universally and warmly beloved, his death produced a sadness 
that seemed to indicate that some calamity had befallen the 
town. Indeed, it was so regarded by all, as for years the 
deceased had been so active and prominent in every measure 
for the prosperity of the place, all classes felt they had lost a 
friend. On the day of his funeral, which took place on Feb. 26, 
all business was suspended, and the public schools closed. 
Notwithstanding it was one of the severest days of the winter, 
almost the entire community attended his obsequies, which were 
held at his late residence. Rev. A. H. Kerr read a touching 
tribute to his virtues, which all present felt to be true and more 
than deserved. The aged parents of Gov. Swift, who had 
arrived that morning from their distant home, were in atten¬ 
dance, almost prostrated with grief. The scene at parting 
with the remains was one that brought tears to the eyes of all 
present. The remains were then borne to their last resting 
place, in a beautiful grove near his own residence, and side by 
side with the graves of his children, under the evergreens which 
he had planted with his own hands. 1 

The memory of Ex-Gov. Swift must always be respected by 
the people of the State for his integrity and fidelity as a public 
officer, his exemplary and upright conduct as a citizen, and his 
many rare, social, and personal excellencies of character. Not 
a breath of detraction ever sullied his reputation. He was 
unambitious and unselfish in everything, with a natural reserve 
and modesty that seemed almost to shrink from public gaze. 

1. Since the above memoir was written, the remains of Gov. Swift and 
his children have been removed to Ohio, and deposited in a cemetery at 
Ravenna, by request ot his parents. 

13 





98 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


His high sense of honor was manifest in all his public and 
private dealings. In him the domestic virtues excelled. As a 
friend he was ever generous, warm-hearted, and true. As a 
business man prompt and energetic. In his character all these 
virtues were so blended and harmonized, as to make a man 
“ of rare mould.” His whole life affords a noble example to 
the young men of the State. 

Ex-Gov. Swift was a member of the Minnesota Historical 
Society, and one of the Executive Council of 1864-5-6. He 
always took a deep interest in the success of the Society, aiding 
it whenever in his power. His death was appropriately noticed 
at the meeting on March 8th, and at a subsequent meeting 
resolutions to his memory adopted. 



SKETCH OF JOHN OTHER DAY. 


BY GEN. H. H. SIBLEY. 

Ampe-tu-to-kit-chah, or Other Day, whose death was 
announced in the newspapers as having occurred in the hos¬ 
pital at Fort Wadsworth, Dakota Territory, on the 30th day of 
October, 1869, was the son of Zit-kah-doo-tah, or Red Bird, a 
Wakpaton Dakota or Sioux Indian, who was noted among his 
people as a war partizan. Red Bird was a brother of Big 
Curly, formerly chief of the Wakpaton Band, whose village 
was at Lac qui Parle on the Upper Minnesota River. 

Other Day was about fifty years old when he died. He had 
been distinguished as a hunter, and was classed by the fur 
traders among those who could safely be trusted when goods 
were given out on credit to those Indians who were considered 
reliable and honest. When a young man he was passionate 
and revengeful, and withal addicted to intemperance as often 
as ardent spirits could be obtained, and he lived to lament that 
he had slain three or four of his fellows in his drunken orgies. 
In fact he was a determined and desperate man, although gen¬ 
erous to a fault in his better moods ; and previous to his con¬ 
version to Christianity, with no sense of moral obligation to 
restrain the exhibitions of his wild and wayward temper, he was 
an object of fear rather than of love to those with whom he was 
brought in contact. Nevertheless he was capable of the same 
heroic devotion to his red brethren at times, as he afterwards 
manifested to the whites, having on one occasion borne from 
the field of battle with the Chippewas on the St. Croix River, 
One-legged Jim, well known to the old settlers, who was so 
desperately wounded that he was unable to escape. He also 


100 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


saved the life of an Indian named Fresniere’s son in the same 
action, but he partially cancelled the obligation subsequently, 
by biting off a portion of the nose of the same individual in a 
drunken frolic. 

With that independence which was characteristic of the 
man, Other Day was among the first of his band to adopt the 
habits and dress of the whites, a step which met with bitter 
opposition from Little Crow, who was the leader of the pagan 
Indians, and exerted all his influence to the last to thwart mis¬ 
sionary operations and to prevent any innovation upon the es¬ 
tablished customs and superstitious observances of the Dakotas. 
The decided attitude assumed by so prominent a person as 
Other Day, produced a most salutary impression, insomuch 
that many of the young aen followed his example, submitted 
to receive religious instruction from the missionaries, and aban¬ 
doning to a great extent the precarious occupation of the chase, 
they applied themselves to the cultivation of the soil. 

Subsequent to the massacre at Spirit Lake by Ink-pah-doo- 
tah’s band of Sioux, Other Day manifested his attachment to 
the whites by accompanying the government forces in pursuit 
of the murderers, one of whom, a son of the chief, he killed 
with his own hand. He volunteered, with two other friendly 
Indians, to attempt the ransom of Miss Gardner, who was 
held captive by Ink-pah-D‘o-tah’s people, and they succeeded 
in effecting her release by the exercise of courage and tact, for 
which the trio received high commendation. 

At the time of the outbreak of 1862, Other Day resided on 
the reservation near the Minnesota River, in a comfortable 
dwelling built by the U. S. Indian Agent, in accordance with 
treaty stipulations, and he had quite a creditable amount of 
land well fenced, and good crops of corn and potatoes. When 
information reached him that the Indians at the Lower Agency 
were engaged in the indiscriminate murder of the whites at that 
point, he took instant measures to save the lives of the mis¬ 
sionaries and other whites within his reach. By his advice 
they assembled together without delay, to the number of sixty- 
two men, women and children, and leaving all their property 
to the mercy of the savages, they were conducted by their 
heroic guide through unfrequented routes to a place of safety 


SKETCH OF JOHN OTHER DAY. 


101 


within the settlements, a distance of more than one hundred 
and fifty miles. There was of necessity, much suffering among 
the young and feeble from exposure and want of proper food 
during the long and toilsome march. The self-sacrificing devo¬ 
tion of Other Day in rescuing so many lives from impending 
destruction, was the more signal and remarkable, when one 
takes into account the certainty that his action in that regard 
would be followed by the loss of all his worldly possessions. 
His house, with all its contents, was soon after burned by the 
enraged savages, and he was but poorly remunerated by the 
appropriation of $2,500 for his benefit by Congress at its next 
session. Like many others who showed their friendship to our 
government and people during the fearful scenes of 1862, by 
the performance of brave deeds against their own kindred in 
battle, Other Day was left without any adequate provision for 
his own support and that of his family, in fact, his widow, a 
white woman, is now destitute of the necessaries of life at her 
home, on the reservation near Fort Wadsworth. 

During the campaign of 1862, Other Day was employed by 
me as a scout, and he rendered good service in that capacity, 
as I advanced with my column of troops in search of the hostile 
Indians. At the crossing of the Red Wood River, Other Day 
being some distance to the front, dismounted from his horse 
to examine the inside of a deserted house. After gratifying 
his curiosity, he issued from the building just in time to per¬ 
ceive his horse, bestrode by two savages, disappearing in the 
woods. He fired an ineffectual shot at the daring thieves, and 
rejoined the command on foot, in a very unenviable state of 
mind. I remarked to him, that I little expected any of my 
chosen scouts to allow themselves to be outwitted as he had 
been, and the quiet rebuke mortified him exceedingly, but he 
said he deserved it, and would endeavor to regain my good 
opinion whenever opportunity should offer. The pledge was 
promptly redeemed, for at the battle of Wood Lake, a few days 
afterwards, which broke the power of the enemy, Other Day 
was conspicuous for his daring, and incurred great danger, not 
only from the fire of the savages, but from our own troops, 
who repeatedly discharged their muskets at him, mistaking 
him for one of the hostile Indians. He brought to me, with a 


102 


MINNESOTA HlSfORlCAL COLLECTIONS. 


triumphant air, two horses which he had taken during the 
action. 

With the money he received from the government, Other 
Day purchased a farm, a few miles distant from Henderson, in 
Sibley county, where he resided for three or four years, but his 
knowledge of husbandry was too limited to enable him to suc¬ 
ceed unaided. He finally sold his land at a sacrifice, and 
removed to the Sisseton and Wakpaton reservation, a few miles 
from Fort Wadsworth, where the U. S. Agent, Major Thompson, 
kindly built for him a commodious log house. The pre-dispo¬ 
sition to pulmonary affections, so common among the aborig¬ 
ines of the Northwest, developed itself in him more than a year 
prior to his decease, and during the last summer he continued 
to decline in health, until it was deemed advisable to procure 
for him admission into the hospital at the Fort, if practicable. 
Fortunately, the warm intercession of the agent was successful 
in obtaining the requisite permit, and the subject of this memoir 
was speedily transported to the hospital, where he was placed 
under the professional care of Surgeon Knickerbocker, of the 
army, who exhausted all the resources of medical skill to pro¬ 
long his life. But consumption was too firmly fixed to be ar¬ 
rested, and Other Day died from hemorrhage on the day before 
stated, his wife and many sjunpathising friends being present 
at his bedside. He met his fate calmly and without apprehen¬ 
sion. Christianity had transformed him from a wild and blood¬ 
thirsty savage into a sincere and humble believer. Other Day 
has gone to his reward, and we may indulge the confident hope, 
that after a long and eventful life, marked with much of both 
good and evil, he has been received into the rest of that Saviour 
in whom he had placed his trust. 

I am happy to acknowledge my obligations to Major Forbes, 
Major Thompson and Dr. Daniels, for materials furnished by 
them in the preparation of this memoir. 

St. Paul , January 27th , 1870. 


/ 


A COINCIDENCE. 


BY MRS. CHARLOTTE O. VAN CLEYE. 


“ Backward! turn backward, Oh Time! in thy flight, 

Make me a child again, just for to-night.” 

Take me to my early home at Fort Snelling, and help me 
to live over again that happy time when I knew nothing of care 
and sorrow, and when the sight of the dear old flag, run up 
each morning, to the roll of the drum, and the sentinels’ call at 
night, “ All's well around made me feel secure, and at home, 
even in what was then a wilderness. 

Many pleasant scenes, and many startling ones, come at my 
call. Some are more vivid than others, and perhaps the very 
first distinct remembrance is the arrival of the first steam¬ 
boat . 1 

It had been talked of and expected for a long time; it is hard 
to realize in this age of rapid travelling how much interested 
and excited every one felt in anticipation of what was then a 
great event. It was to bring us into more direct and easy 
communication with the world, and small wonder that the 
prospect of being at the head of steamboat navigation should 
have caused excitement and rejoicing to those who had been 
receiving their mails at intervals of months instead of hours. 

To me of course, child that I was, it only meant a sight 
never before witnessed, a something heard of and seen in pic¬ 
tures, but never realized. But even we children felt in listen¬ 
ing to our elders, that something great was about to happen. 

1 . The Virginia, commanded by Capt. Crawford, was the first steamboat 
which arrived at Fort Snelling. The exact date was May 10,1823. The Vir¬ 
ginia was 118 feet in length and 22 in width. Among her passengers was the 
Italian refugee and traveller, Beltrami.—W. 



104 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

At last one bright summer morning, when amusing myself 
on the piazza in the rear of the officers’ quarters, there came a 
sound, new and very strange ! All listened a moment in awe 
and gratitude, and then broke out from many voices, u Ihe 
steamboat is coming ! the steamboat is coming !” And look ! 
there is the smoke curling gracefully through the trees : hark ! 
to the puffing of the steam, startling the echoes from a sleep 
coeval with creation. Now she rounds the point and comes 
into full view. I stand on tip-toe and strain my eyes, but can¬ 
not see all I long to, until Lieutenant (now General) David 
Hunter, my special favorite, catches me up and holds me on 
the balustrade ; and now I clap my hands and almost cry with 
delight, for there she is, just landing, in all her pride and 
beauty, as if she felt herself the Pioneer Steamboat, and knew 
she would become historic. 

Officers and soldiers, women and children, are hurrying down 
the hill; terrified Indians rush from their wigwams and look on 
in amazement, utterly confounded, refusing to go near what 
they call, the u Bad Spirit.” 1 

Greetings and congratulations warm and heart-felt are ex¬ 
changed ; and speedily the mail is opened, papers and letters 
are distributed ; all search eagerly for news from home, and my 
joy is turned into grief for my friend Lieut. Hunter, who 


1. In a communication to the St. Paul Chronicle and Register , of April 6,1850, 
the late Philander Prescott describes the fright of the Indians at the first 
steamboat: 

“The Indians say they had dreamed of seeing some monster of the deep the 
night before, which frightened them very much. It appears they did not dis¬ 
cover the boat until it had got into the mouth of the St. Peter’s, below Mr. 
Sibley’s. They stood and gazed with astonishment at what they saw ap¬ 
proaching, taking the boat to be some angry god of the water, coughing and 
spouting water upwards, sideways and forward. They had not courage 
enough to stand until the boat came near them. The women and children 
took to the woods, with their hair floating behind them in the breeze, from 
the speed they were going, in running from supposed danger. Some of the 
men had a little more courage, and only moved off to a short distance from 
the shore, and the boat passed along and landed. Everything being quiet for 
a moment, the Indians came up to the boat again, and stood looking at the 
monster of the deep. All at once the boat began to blow off' steam, and the 
bravest warriors could not stand this awful roaring, but took to the woods, 
men, women and children, with their blankets flying in the wind; some 
tumbling in the brush which entangled their feet as they ran away—some 
hallooing, some crying, to the great amusement of the people on board the 
steamboat.”—W. 



A COINCIDENCE. 


105 


learns by the very boat, whose coming he hailed with so much 
pleasure, that he is fatherless. All sympathize deeply with 
him ; few know how closely drawn together are the occupants 
of a frontier post, how, like one family, they hear each other’s 
griefs and share each other’s joys. But the common joy, 
although dampened was not destroyed, and civilities were ten¬ 
dered to the captain and officers of the boat, who were real 
gentlemen, and became great favorities at the fort. 

They came again the next year, perhaps more than once, 
and pleasant excursion parties on the boat relieved the mo¬ 
notony of fort life. 

The steamboat was the topic of conversation for a long time. 
The day of its arrival became an era from which we reckoned, 
and those of the first occupants of Fort Snelling who still sur¬ 
vive, can scarcely recall a more delightful reminiscence, than 
the arrival of the first steamboat, in the summer of 1823. 

Years passed away, childhood, with its lightheartedness, 
gave way to youth, and that again to womanhood; and then 
came middle life with its many cares, its griefs, its joys too, 
and its unnumbered mercies, with bright anticipations of a 
blessed rest from toil and pain,—when on one pleasant summer 
day in 1864 I find myself with a party of friends, who have 
come to visit Fort Snelling and its many interesting surround¬ 
ings, standing side by side with my mother on the bastion of 
the fort, recalling days and scenes long gone by. 

Leaning against the railing and contemplating the riyer, so 
beautiful from that height, she remarked to me, “ Can you 
remember, my child, when the first steamboat came up this 
river?” I answered “ Yes, oh ! yes, most distinctly do I remem¬ 
ber it.” And then we talk of the event and recall the many 
pleasant things connected with it; when lo ! a whistle, and the 
loud puffing and snorting of the iron horse! Capt. Newson 
standing near and listening to our conversation, exclaimed, 
pointing over to Mendota, “And there goes the first train of cars 
that ever started out from Fort Snelling!” 

Hushed and breathless we gaze at the fast vanishing train, 
feeling, as we stand there, we two alone, of all who saw that 
other great event, over forty years ago , like links connecting the 
buried past with the living present. 

14 


106 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


And we would fain weep, as we think of those who stood be¬ 
side us then, now long since passed away—but living, loving 
friends are about us, and we will not let our sadness mar their 
pleasure, so down in the depths of our hearts we hide these 
tender recollections to indulge in when we are alone. 

I look long at the beautiful river, and think as it ripples and 
laughs in the sun-light, that, could our ears catch the language 
of its murmurings, we should hear, 

“ Men may come, and men may go, 

But I go on forever.” 

St. Anthony , 1869. 






MEMOIR OF HON. JAS. W. LYND. 


BY REV. S. R. RIGGS. 


In compliance with a request from the Executive Council of 
the Minnesota Historical Society, I have arranged the following 
imperfect sketch of Mr. Lynd. 

A letter from his father, Rev. S. W. Lynd, now of Cincinnati, 
Ohio, together with what appears to be an editorial “ In 
Memoriam,” which appeared in the Louisville Journal of 
October, 1862, contains all the information concerning Mr. 
Lynd’s early life that I have been able to obtain. 

James W. Lynd was born on the 25th of November, 1830. 
His father was Rev. S. W. Lynd, D. D., an eminent Baptist 
clergyman. His birthplace was Baltimore, Maryland; but 
afterwards the family removed to Kentucky; for the next w e 
hear of him he is a youth in Covington. 

“ There was nothing peculiar in him in his boyhood, except 
an obvious love of the beautiful in nature and art, and a mind 
of more than ordinary delicacy and taste. But he was not fond 
of school, and w r as at an early age, having acquired a tolerable 
English education, placed in a store, where he obtained a 
knowledge of business, and subsequently became a clerk in the 
office of an insurance company, with quite a large salary for 
a young man not twenty years of age, and with the promise of 
an annual increase.” 

Another chronicle says, “ Inheriting equally from his learned 
and now venerable father, and his noble and accomplished 
mother, a physique at once vigorous and refined, and a native 
spirit correspondingly dauntless and susceptible, he was con¬ 
stitutionally a pioneer, a scholar, and a poet.” 


108 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


The following is given as a sample of his poetical abilities as 
developed during his school life : 

HERODOTUS. 

The graces on a summer day 
Were sporting merrily at play, 

When thus, the sporting o’er, did say 
The fair Euphrosyne: 

“ Sisters mine, sisters mine, 

By brook and bower, dale and dell, 

Sisters mine, sisters mine, 

I have a pleasant tale to tell: 

As o’er the fields I chanced to stray, 

Singing of our frolics gay, 

And tripping softly on my way, 

As light as light could be, 

Sisters mine, sisters mine, 

What think you that I saw, 

Beneath the creeping eglantine, 

And stately dahlia?— 

A youth of golden locks, and brow 
Whiter than purest crystal snow, 

The shady trees and vines below, 

Smiling in slumber lay; 

His locks strayed o’er his glowing cheek, 

His lips apart seemed most to speak; 

What did I to the blooming Greek? 

Fair sisters shall I say? 

I crowned his brows with myrtles green, 

His parted lips my rod between 
I placed, and well endowed I ween, 

The youth with eloquence; 

I touched the bosom of the youth, 

And in his inmost heart, forsooth, 

Arose that burning love of truth 

That burns without pretence; 

I kissed his brow as he reclined, 

And made him, as the gods designed, 

A mighty and immortal mind! 

Say, sisters, did I well?” 

Of Mr. Lynd’s education it is said he received it “ under his 
father’s excellent auspices.” From his father’s statement it 
appears that, although “ not fond of school when a boy,” after 
being engaged as clerk in the insurance office for a year or 
more, he woke up to the importance of learning, and “ resolved 


MEMOIR OF HON. JAS. W. LYND. 


109 


to educate himself.” He now commenced his studies under 
the supervision of the professors in the Western Baptist Insti¬ 
tute in Covington, Kentucky. “ Here he made himself quite a 
good Latin scholar and a mathematician.” He excelled especially 
in geometry. “ His professor in geometry regarded him as 
the best geometrician he had ever met with in his teaching.” 
This was not unmeaning praise. 

In the spring of 1857, I think it was, I first met with Mr. 
Lynd, under somewhat singular circumstances. I was returning 
home to Hazlewood from Saint Peter, in the month of April, 
in company with Mr. W. W. Ellison and his sister. We found 
the Redwood stream so swollen by recent rains that it was 
impossible to effect a crossing that afternoon. It was still rain¬ 
ing and we had a fine prospect for a wet night. We sought 
shelter from the storm at the government mill then at the falls 
of the Redwood. Sometime after night “ We-ciia-ha-na-pin,”— 
Raccoon Collar ,—as the Dakotas called Mr. Lynd, sought the 
same shelter. And as he and others slept in the loft above, we 
heard him discussing mathematical questions until a late hour 
of the night. 

But to return to his school days :—His father says, “ During 
this time he gave much of his attention to literary acquirements, 
intending to devote his life to literary pursuits. He became, 
through his own untiring industry, and almost entirely self- 
taught, a very fine performer on the piano.” While the 
Louisville Journal says, he was u deeply and naturally imbued 
with an unpretending, but soul-absorbing love of all that is 
romantic and beautiful in life; he was a worshipper of art, a 
proficient in music, and not only a connoisseur of polite letters, 
but himself, although he had published little, a gifted and 
industrious producer.” 

He is said to have taken “ peculiar pleasure in studying the 
character ” of the Indians. With an enthusiasm for the wild 
and picturesque that knew no bounds, he became, long before 
his removal to Minnesota, singularly interested in the Indian 
character, and constantly availed himself of every opportunity 
and resource to acquaint himself with the legends, traditions, 
languages and ethnology of the aborigines. He covered the 
walls of his apartments in college with Indian words.” The 


110 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


writer goes on to say; “ and learned to speak the language, 
or rather languages of the Dakotas, with the fluency and 
idiomatic intonations of the natives themselves.” 

This seems to refer to the time previous to his coming to 
Minnesota; but even referring it to his attainments in after 
years, it must be regarded as the judgment of a friend who had 
never learned to speak an Indian language. I have heard a 
great many white men talk Dakota, but I have yet to hear 
one, in all respects, talk it “ with the fluency and idiomatic 
intonations of the natives.” Mr. Lynd, previous to his death, 
spoke the language too well to have made such a claim for 
himself. But it is proper for me to say, that he did speak the 
Dakota language very fluently, and doubtless understood its 
grammatical construction better than most white men in the 
country. 

“ He was always of a retiring disposition, keeping his own 
counsel, and tender and kind in all his intercourse with others.” 
This is the father’s testimony. It seems that he did not keep 
his friends very well informed of his circumstances after he 
left home. 

There is some difficulty in determining the exact time when 
Mr. Lynd came to Minnesota. His father gives 1850. But 
that must be a mistake, as he was then only twenty years old, 
and it was in his twentieth year he commenced to obtain his 
education. The writer in the Louisville Journal , says : “ With 
all the enthusiasm of a voyageur, and the indefatigableness of 
an antiquary, he removed nine years ago directly into the 
midst of those whom he so much loved to study.” This would 
place his arrival in Minnesota in the year 1853, which better 
agrees with the statements made in regard to his education. 

“ Settling at Traverse des Sioux” says the Journal , “he 
renewed his investigations with more ardor than ever, mingling 
constantly with the Indians. S} r stematically gathering and 
arranging the varied and abundant materials thus accumulated, 
he at length condensed his laborious researches into a most 
interesting and carefully-prepared manuscript volume, which 
we have had the pleasure of examining, and which, if published 
would, we have no doubt, prove a very valuable contribution to 


MEMOIR OF HON. JAS. W. LYND. Ill 

our obscure knowledge of this disinherited and vanishing 
race.” 

As the Indians were removed from the Traverse des Sioux 
country about this time of 1853, Mr. Lynd probably did not 
remain long there. For several years he was, to some extent, 
engaged in the fur trade, and was connected with the Browns. 
My understanding was that he was a partner with Nathaniel 
Brown. While in this business he resided at various points, 
but chiefly at the Lower Sioux Agency and at Henderson. 

Following the example of others in the trade, and especially 
of those with whom he was more especially connected, Mr. 
Lynd, soon after he came into the country, took Mary Napay- 
shue, a very respectable and educated Indian girl. She had 
been raised in one of the mission families, and could read and 
speak English quite well. By this connection she has two 
beautiful, light-haired, fair-skinned girls, the eldest of which 
must be now eight or nine years old. Mr. Lynd was frequently 
urged to marry this woman, and at times he expressed his wish 
and determination to do so, but he did not do it. It is believed 
that this course commended itself to his better nature, but the 
influence of others was against it. Some time before the out¬ 
break, he abandoned Mary and attached himself to another 
woman, by whom also he had a child. This boy betrayed his 
paternity, and the mother was proud of it. While the Indian 
camp was at Fort Snelling, during the winter after the out¬ 
break, this boy was baptized James Lynd. 

I need hardly say that this custom of taking Indian girls by 
white men never received our countenance; and if I could 
conscientiously have done it, it would have been more pleasant 
for me to ignore these facts rather than record them. But 
however censurable this course was, ft certainly gave him 
advantages of learning the Dakota inner and outer life superior, 
in some respect, to those enjoyed by us missionaries. 

Under the auspices of Mr. J. R. Brown, a weekly paper 
was, for several years, published at Henderson, Minn., called 
the Henderson Democrat. As its name indicates it was on the 
Democratic side in politics as opposed to the Republican. Of 
this paper Mr. Lynd acted as editor for nearly a year I believe, 
and conducted it with more ability than ordinarily characterized 


11*2 


Minnesota historical collections. 


it. But in the preparation for the great struggle of 1860, 
which terminated in the ascendency of the Republican party 
both in the State and nation, Mr. Lynd changed his politics, 
and came out on the winning side. Soon after the declaration 
of this change in his political faith, he retired from the editor’s 
chair, and being taken up by his new friends, he was elected 
to the State Senate, from the district in which are Sibley and 
Nicollet counties. 

During his senatorial term of two years, Mr. Lynd is under¬ 
stood to have applied himself to the interests of his constituents 
in such a manner as to give general satisfaction. In the first 
winter a law was enacted enfranchising educated Indians, 
which obtained Mr. Lynd’s cordial and energetic support. Of 
his labors during this period, some of Mr. Lynd’s co-legislators 
could give a much more worthy account than it is possible for 
me to do. 

One of these winters he was invited to deliver the annual 
address before the Historical Society of Minnesota. On this 
occasion [Jan. 21, 1861] he entertained his audience with the 
substance of one of the chapters in his then nearly finished 
work on the “ History, Legends, Traditions, Language, and 
Religion of the Dakotas.” 

This work, it appears, was projected by Mr. Lynd before he 
came to Minnesota; and his coming among the Dakotas was 
for the purpose of carrying out this life-plan. 

In our circle at Yellow Medicine, it was understood that it 
was finished and ready for the press, in the spring before the 
outbreak. But for some reasons not known to us, his mission 
to the East, as we supposed for the purpose of finding a 
publisher, was not then successful. 

At the time of the dutbreak, this manuscript appears to have 
been in the store of N. Myrick & Co., where Mr. Lynd was 
then stopping. Before the store was burned it was plundered 
by the Indians. These rolls of manuscript were probably carried 
out in some trunk, and then thrown away in the ravine, as 
being of no value to them. Many months afterwards they 
were found by some soldiers who were employed at the saw¬ 
mill in that neighborhood. Already greatly mutilated, and 
some of the chapters lost, they suffered still more in the hands 


MEMOIR OF HON. JAS. W. LYND. 


113 


of the soldiers, who commenced using them for gun-wadding. 
This process of destruction was stopped bjr Captain Shepherd, 
then of Fort Ridgely, and after a correspondence with the 
writer of this notice, the remaining part of the manuscript, 
containing some chapters almost entire and also valuable por¬ 
tions of chapters, was placed in the keeping of the Historical 
Society. 

On the morning of August the 18th, 1862, at the Lower 
Sioux Agency, was commenced that fearful burst of savage 
fury which swept over the border land of Minnesota, and 
depopulated for a time twenty counties. And James W. Lynd 
was the first man killed that morning. As we have already 
said, he was then making his headquarters at the store of N. 
Myrick & Co., awaiting the payment. The sun had scarcely 
risen on the morning of that bloody day, when the Indians from 
Little Six’s band on the Redwood, from Little Crow’s and 
the other villages between that and the agency, commenced 
gathering, all painted, and ready for their contemplated work. 
It was to commence at Myrick’s store. In front of that was 
the principal gathering. 

To account to white men for their being painted and armed , 
they said there were Chippewas in the country, and they were 
going to hunt them. It is believed that the deception was 
perfect. Until the attack commenced the white men did not 
suspect it. Some Indians also were deceived in the same way. 

According to testimony given before a military commission, 
the killing was commenced in this way: Mr. Divol, Myrick’s 
clerk, was out in the stable yard, coming towards the house. 
Mr. Lynd was standing in the end door of the store, looking 
out towards the stables. Two Indians, with double-barrelled 
guns, entered the store by the front door, and shot Mr. Lynd in 
the back. He fell out of the door, and is supposed to have 
died in a few minutes. 

This was the end of his earthly life. Many others suffered 
more on that day than he did. The firing of these guns was 
the signal for commencing the work of death at all the stores 
and at the agency buildings. 

Mr. Lynd’s being the first victim is not supposed to have been 
the result of any special hatred towards him on the part of the 
15 


114 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Indians. According to tlie testimony of Indians and half- 
breeds, Andrew Myrick had recently made himself peculiarly 
obnoxious, and this was the reason why they had agreed to 
commence at that store. And as thej^ had before determined 
to kill all white men, Mr. Lynd was shot first because he 
presented the first and best mark. 

As a gentlemanly man, as a kind and accommodating friend 
and neighbor, as an intelligent and interesting companion, and 
as one really enthusiastic in his interest in the Indians’ present 
and future, James W. Lynd will be remembered by many 
in his adopted State of Minnesota. 

St. Anthony , Jan. 27, 1865. 


THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


BY REV. S. R. RIGGS. 


In the chronicles of Fort Snelling, published by the Minnesota 
Historical Society in 1865, mention is made of a visit to that 
post on the 1st of September, 1829, by the Rev. Alvin Coe, 
accompanied by Mr. J. D. Stevens. They came on an explor¬ 
ing tour, with the view of establishing Protestant missions 
among the Chippewas and Dakotas. 

But the Dakota mission was not commenced until several 
years afterwards. 

In this same Fort Snelling chronicle it is recorded that, “ in 
the year 1834, Samuel W. and Gideon H. Pond arrived, and 
offered their services for the benefit of the Sioux, and were 
sent out to the Agent’s agricultural colony at Lake Calhoun.” 
These brothers Pond were young men from Washington, Conn., 
and are still honored residents of Minnesota. They built a 
log cabin near the Indian village, on a high bluff on the lake 
shore. 

During this summer of 1834, Thos. S. Williamson, of Ripley, 
Ohio, received from the Am. Board a commission “ to proceed 
on an exploring tour among the Indians of the Upper 
Mississippi.” 

In the spring following, Doctor Williamson, with Mrs. 
Williamson and one child, left Ripley to remove to the land of 
the Dakotas. He was accompanied by Mr. Alex. G. Huggins, 
as missionary farmer, with his wife and two children. Miss 
Sarah Poage, a sister of Mrs. Williamson, who afterwards 
became the first Mrs. G. H. Pond, made one of the party, as 
teacher. They reached Fort Snelling on the 16th of May, 1835. 


116 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


On the 30th of the same month, Jedediah D. Stevens, now 
a minister of the gospel, who was here with Mr. Coe, nearly 
six years before, arrived with his family. A niece of Mr. 
Stevens, Miss Lucy Cornelia Stevens, accompanied them as 
teacher. She was afterwards married to Mr. Gavin, one of 
the Swiss missionaries. 

On the second Sabbath of June, a Presbyterian church was 
organized in one of the company rooms of the fort, and the 
sacrament of the Lord’s supper was administered. Of this 
church, Captain, now Colonel Gustavus Loomis, and (now) Gen. 
H. H. Sibley, were elected ruling elders. 

Mr. Stevens commenced a mission station at Lake Harriet; 
and on the 23d of June, Dr. Williamson and his party left the 
fort for Lac qui Parle, in company with Joseph Renville, the 
trader at that place. 

The first years of the mission at both stations were spent in 
erecting buildings, in acquiring the language, and in teaching 
such as were at first found willing to learn. 

At Lake Harriet, Mr. Stevens commenced and carried on for 
several years a small boarding school, which resulted in 
educating and preparing for greater usefulness several half- 
breed girls. 

At Lac qui Parle some were taught in the English language, 
but more learned to read in the Dakota. Some progress was 
made in collecting words for a vocabulary and in obtaining 
translations of portions of Scripture. These were obtained by 
Dr. Williamson through Mr. Renville. The process was by 
reading the French and then writing down the Dakota as given 
by Mr. R. 

In the spring of 1836, Mr. Gideon H. Pond went to Lac qui 
Parle to assist in manual labor and teaching. In the autumn 
of that year, Mr. S. W. Pond returned to his native place in 
Connecticut, where he was licensed and ordained as an evangelist 
to preach to the Indians. In the following spring he returned 
and again took up his abode chiefly with the Lake Calhoun 
Indians, residing at the Lake Harriet Station. 

On the first day of June, 1837, S. R. Riggs and his wife 
Mary A. L. Riggs, reached Fort Snelling, and were kindly 
received by Lieut. Ogden and his wife, who was the daughter 



THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


117 


of then Maj. Loomis. For the next three months they were 
domiciled in an upper room of the school house at the Lake 
Harriet Station. 

“ The situation of the mission houses is very beautiful, on a 
little eminence just upon the shore of a lovely lake skirted with 
trees. Beyond, towards the fort, commences a finely undulat¬ 
ing prairie which reaches to the rivers. About a mile north of 
us is Lake Calhoun, on the margin of which is an Indian village 
of about twenty teepees. Most of these are bark houses twenty 
feet square, and others are tents of skins.” 

The following extract from a letter written at the time will 
show something of first impressions : 

“ The most singular ornament I have seen was a large 
striped snake fastened among the painted hair, feathers and 
ribbons of an Indian’s head dress, in such a manner that it 
could coil around in front, and dart out its snaky head or creep 
down the back at pleasure. The Indian sat perfect^ at ease, 
apparently enjoying the astonishment and fear manifested by 
some of the family.” 

An interesting fact is related of Mrs. Persis Dentan as 
having occurred early in this spring of 1837. Mrs. Dentan 
was formerly Miss Skinner, of the Mackinaw mission, but 
married Mr. Dentan, one of the Swiss missionaries, who came 
to preach the gospel to the Dakotas. 

Mr. Dentan was taken sick at Fort Snelling. Mrs. D. heard 
of it, and as soon as the ice was out of the Mississippi, she 
procured a canoe, and with two Indian women to paddle, came 
up a hundred miles, sleeping on the snow-covered ground two 
nights. 

About the first of September, Doctor Williamson and Mr. 
Pond came down from Lac qui Parle; and Mr. and Mrs. Riggs 
returned with them, reaching the mission band at the “Lake 
that Speaks,” on the thirteenth. 

On Thursday, the 2d day of November, Mr. G. H. Pond and 
Miss Sarah Poage were married. Mr. Pond on this occasion 
followed the injunction of the Saviour : “ When thou makest 
a feast call not thy friends and thy rich neighbors, but call 
the poor and the lame and the blind.” It was a novel wedding 


118 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

supper, and with glad hearts they dished out and ate the 
potatoes and turnips and pork. 

A native mission church had been organized nearly two 
years before by Dr. Williamson, and at this time numbered 
about fifteen, with A. G. Huggins, G. H. Pond, and Mr. 
Renville, as ruling elders. For many years the majority of 
the native church members were women. Some time after, this 
fact was brought up by the Indian men as an objection, that 
our church was an assembly of women. We ought to have 
waited and taken the men in first. 

Late in October of 1838, Dr. Williamson and his wife started 
for Ohio. He had obtained the Gospel of Mark in the Dakota 
language, together with fugitive chapters from other parts of 
the Bible. Also he took with him the manuscript for a school 
book. Although not exactly the first printing done in the 
language, these were the first books that did much. service in 
the mission. Heretofore teaching had been done chiefly by 
means of lessons printed by hand. 

At Lake Harriet mission station, on the 22d of November, 
1838, Samuel William Pond was married to Miss Cordelia 
Eggleston, who was a sister of Mrs. J. D. Stevens. And in 
the spring of 1839, Miss Lucy Cornelia Stevens was married 
to Rev. Daniel Gavin. For a while Mr. and Mrs. Gavin 
resided at Red Wing and then removed to East Canada, where 
they labored for the French population. 

Early in the spring of 1839, Mr. G. H. Pond removed with 
his family from Lac qui Parle, making a canoe voyage down the 
Minnesota, and established himself in connection with his 
brother at Lake Harriet, to labor again with the Lake Calhoun 
band. About this time Mr. Stevens left the service of the 
board and removed to Wabashaw, and then to Prairie du Chien. 

The winter of 1838 and ’39 was remarkable for a religious 
excitement. More than usual interest was felt and manifested 
—the meetings were larger than before—and ten women were 
added to the church at Lac qui Parle. The next summer was 
somewhat noted for an unsuccessful war party which made a 
path to the Chippewa country; and coming home without 
scalps, they laid the blame to the prayers of the mission, and 
took vengeance on our cattle. 


THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


119 


Protestant missions carry with them the plough and the 
loom. From the beginning it had been a part of our work to 
make more than two stalks of corn grow where one grew 
before. And the Indians themselves being witnesses, we had 
helped them to raise a much more plentiful supply of corn and 
afterwards of potatoes. 

Mrs. Huggins was mistress of the spinning wheel, and 
introduced the Dakota women and girls into the m} r steries of 
twisting flax and wool. In the autumn of 1838 they commenced 
to knit socks and stockings. But not until a year later, or 
towards the close of 1839, did they try their skill in weaving. 
On a loom made and put into operation by Mr. Huggins, two 
Dakota women and two girls wove for themselves each enough 
oflinsey for a short gown —in all ten or twelve yards. This 
was doubtless the first cloth made in Minnesota. For several 
years education in domestic manufactures was continued, more 
for the purpose of showing the Indians how such things were 
done, than with the expectation of getting the wheel and the 
loom domiciled among them. 

During the first years of the mission at Lac qui Parle, “ the 
church” was literally “ in the house.” Dr. Williamson had 
built a story and a half log house, one end of the lower part 
of which was devoted to school and Sabbath meetings. When 
the congregations increased, the partition between this and 
Doctor W.’s living rooms, was made into doors, and so a larger 
assembly was accommodated. 

In the summer of 1841, a church was built of unburnt bricks, 
which stood for thirteen years, until the station was removed to 
Hazlewood. This building was surmounted by a bell, which 
was the first bell so used in Minnesota. 

About this time we received our first male members from the 
full-blood Dakotas. By this our people there were subjected 
to a species of persecution which is difficult to bear. When 
Simon Ana-wanymane, after professing Christianity, put on 
the white man’s dress and went to work, he had in the 
estimation and language of the Indians, “ made himself a 
woman.” 

Owing to the war with the Chippewas and the exposed 
position of the Indians at Lake Calhoun, they abandoned this 


120 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

place and removed over to the Minnesota. But for some time 
they were unsettled. The Mr. Ponds accordingly left Lake 
Harriet in the spring of 1840, and for a while lived in the stone 
house near Fort Snelling, known as the “ Baker House.” It 
was not until 1843 that they were able to build at Oak Grove 
and again reside among the same Indians. With these lower 
Indians there were always many opposing forces, and God’s 
truth made but little progress. 

In the summer of 1842, Mr. and Mrs. Riggs “ visited the 
States,” as we called it then. What we regarded then as a 
very good translation of the Gospel of John had been procured 
through Mr. Renville. Mr. G. H. Pond had translated Luke, 
and Mr. Riggs had translated The Acts and Paul’s Epistles with 
the Revelation of John. Added to this we had a portion of the 
Psalms and Dr. Williamson’s translation of Genesis. Besides, 
our hymns in the Dakota Language had now accumulated so 
as to be quite a work to write off. Then we needed some 
school books. All of these being prepared for the press, the 
object of this visit on East was to have the books printed. 
The printing was done partly in Boston and partly in 
Cincinnati. 

In this year Mr. S. W. Pond removed up to Lac qui Parle and 
Dr. Williamson came down to the stone house, which places 
they continued to occupy until the year following, when they 
both returned. 

About this time the contest on the polygamy question was at 
its height. It was quite a common thing for the principal 
Dakota men to have more than one wife. In several instances 
two wives of one man had been received to the church at Lac 
qui Parle. It was not perceived that we could adopt any rule 
excluding either of them. And when the man came he pleaded 
that he had done this in a state of ignorance—that to put one 
away would subject the woman to difficulties and expose her to 
temptations, and that he wished to keep the mother for the 
sake of the children. He pleaded also the example of Solomon 
and David and Jacob and Abraham. The question had its 
difficulties. The missionaries did not exactly harmonize in 
their views. But finally it was worked out, and no man having 


THE DAKOTA MISSION. 121 

more than one woman was recognized as a member of the 
mission church. 

The spring of 1843 was marked by an addition to the work¬ 
ing force of the mission. Several years before, Miss Fanny 
Huggins had joined the family of her brother at Lac qui Parle, 
and had actively engaged in teaching. Now Miss Jane S. 
Williamson joined her brother’s family, for the same purpose. 
Mr. Robert Hopkins also and his then youthful wife joined the 
mission, and were associated with Mr. Riggs and family in the 
formation of a new station at Traverse des Sioux. 

Here was experienced our first great sorrow. Thomas L. 
Longley, a brother of Mrs. Riggs, who had come out, in the 
strength of his opening manhood, to assist in erecting buildings 
at the new station, was drowned in the Minnesota River on the 
15th day of July. And by a strange coincidence, in July eight 
years afterwards, Mr. Hopkins was to be drowned not far from 
the same place. 

About this time and for eight years after war is the influence 
of St. Paul town become great over the Dakota Indians ; but it 
was in the way of furnishing them with fire water. And the 
new station at Traverse des Sioux felt the effects of this more 
than other villages, being on the great route westward. 

Also in these years, as they passed, the opposition to schools 
seemed to increase. The provision for education which had 
been inserted in the treaty of 1837-8, proved only an obstacle 
in the way of education; as unprincipled white men could 
persuade the Indians that if they sent their children to school, 
the missionaries would get their money. It was evident that 
there were men among them who desired, for some reason, to 
keep the Indians in ignorance. The wakan men among the 
Indians also were afraid for the supremacy of their stone gods. 
They were willing to entertain the Great Spirit or the white 
man’s God, and give him a place among the gods ; but he must 
not assume the first place even On the other hand Christianity 
could make no compromise. It required the whole heart and 
the whole life for Jesus. 

So the mission worked on ; sometimes in gladness and some¬ 
times in sadness. There were times at Lac qui Parle when the 
soldiers (Dakotas) stopped the children from coming to school 
16 


122 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


and the women from coming to church. But at every such 
time some one was raised up to withstand the power of heath¬ 
enism. Sometimes a portion of the Indians would determine 
on sending away the missionaries ; but another party was sure 
to rise, in a few days, to withstand them. Thus Jehovah 
brought to nought the counsels of the heathen. 

In the mean time His word was taking root. Some were 
learning to read and write. The number of native church 
members was increased slowly ; and there were many who were 
feeling their way up to a higher civilization. 

In the autumn of 184G the mission held its annual meeting 
at Traverse des Sioux. This was one of the most important 
gatherings of the mission. A few months before Little Crow 
had made application to Dr. Williamson, through the agent, 
to come and live at his village of Ivaposia a few miles below 
St. Paul. After several days’ discussion of that and kindred 
subjects connected with the mission, it was decided that Dr. 
Williamson accept the invitation and remove down immediately. 
This change made it necessary to send Mr. Riggs and family 
back to Lac qui Parle. Mr. Huggins was to come down to the 
Traverse and Mr. Jonas Pettijohn, who had joined the mission 
that year and married Miss Fanny Huggins, was to remain 
at Lac qui Parle as missionary farmer. 

Previous to this time Mr. Joseph Renville 1 had died. He 
had been of great service to the mission in many ways. Could 
it prosper without him? * 

In the spring following, that is the spring of 1847, at a 
meeting of the Dakota Presbytery held at Oak Grove, our 
preaching force was increased by the licensure of G. H. Pond 
and Robert Hopkins. They both talked the Dakota language 
and understood Dakota customs. Mr. Pond had now been 
among them thirteen years. 

In the summer of 1848 our force was further increased by 
the arrival of Rev. Moses N. Adams and John F. Aiton with 
their wives. Joseph W. Hancock also came to the Red Wing 
station, and was afterwards licensed by the Dakota Presbytery. 
Rev. Joshua Potter also was transferred to this field from the 


1. A biographical sketch of Mr. Renville is given in the Annals of the 
Minnesota Historical Society for 1856, page 104.—W. 




THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


123 


Choctaws. Mr. Pond and Mr. Hopkins were ordained. Mr. 
S. W. Pond had before this commenced a station at Little 
Six’s village at Shakopee. We were now occupying six 
stations, and strong in men. Mr. Adams went to Lac qui Parle 
to learn the language, and Mr. Aiton was placed at Red Wing, 
while Mr. Potter spent a year at Traverse des Sioux. 

Still although strong* in laborers and occupying so many 
stations, the progress was slow, and the opposition great. 
There was no point where the gospel took root as it did at Lac 
qui Parle. There were a few church members at each of the 
stations, and occasionally a man who was not ashamed to be, 
partly at least, identified with the new religion ; but heathenism 
was everywhere the ruling element; and nowhere, except at 
Lac qui Parle, was there any considerable front of opposition 
against it. Many of the Dakotas desired to have a missionary 
resident at their village, because it brought them temporal 
advantages in various ways, but they sought not as yet the 
higher blessings which the gospel brings. 

By and by came the year 1851. This was memorable for 
various things—chiefly for the treaties that were made that 
year with the Dakotas and the results that followed. While 
they were gathering at Traverse des Sioux to make the first 
treaty of the summer, Mr. Hopkins was drowned. He went 
out to bathe on the morning of the 4th of July, and returned 
not again. 

Before this time Mr. Potter had left the Dakotas and gone 
to the New York Indians. 

The treaties of this year resulted in the removal of all the 
lower villages of Dakotas up the Minnesota River. Both the 
Mr. Ponds remained where, they were, and preached to the white 
people who came in. So also did Mr. Hancock. Mr. Adams 
removed from Lac qui Parle to Traverse des Sioux in 1853, and 
organized a church there among the white people. Mr. Hug¬ 
gins and Mr. Pettijohn also withdrew from the service of the 
board. While Dr. Williamson and his family removed up to 
the Yellow Medicine and commenced there a new station. 

In the fall of 1851, Mr. Riggs visited New York city to 
superintend the printing of the Dakota Grammar and Diction- 


124 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

ary, which was clone by Smithsonian Institute, u under the 
patronage of the Historical Society of Minnesota.” 

In the spring of 1854, the mission buildings at Lac qui Parle 
were burned to the ground. Thereupon the station was removed 
to Hazlewood, in the neighborhood of the Yellow Medicine. 
The preaching force was now reduced to Doctor Williamson 
and Mr. Riggs. But the changed circumstances of the Indians 
and the gathering of the civilized element together, now con¬ 
spired to growth and development. The seeds which had 
been sown in previous years now commenced to germinate and 
to show themselves in a new life. The number of men who 
had changed their dress and adopted the white man’s had so 
increased, that by forming a coalition with certain half-breeds 
they formed an independent band and elected their own presi¬ 
dent, who was recognized as a chief by the agent. 

The churches of Hazlewood and Pajutaze both grew in num¬ 
bers and in character. At the new station at Hazlewood a 
neat church building was erected in the year 1855, costing 
about $700—more than two-thirds of which was raised by the 
Indians and their friends in the county. Many of these men, 
who constituted the Hazlewood Republic, built for themselves, 
with some assistance, comfortable frame and log houses. 

The Government came in now and encouraged agriculture 
and the change of dress in the men. It required a good deal 
of courage, and some outside pressure also to get a man up to 
the point of parting with his hair and putting on pantaloons. 
But steadily the work went on, not without opposition it is 
true. Even Little Crow often talked of becoming a white 
man, but there were always reasons which prevented. 

The Christian element among the Dakotas was chiefly gathered 
into the churches of Pajutaze and Hazlewood. A few were at 
the Lower Sioux Agency, and a few at the villages higher up 
on the Minnesota. 

In the summer of 1859, John P. Williamson, then a student 
of Lane Seminary, Ohio, was licensed to preach the gospel by 
the Dakota Presbytery. And in the autumn of the next year 
he returned to Dakota land and commenced a station at the 
Lower Agency. A small church was organized there during 
the two years that followed, and a neat church building erected. 


THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


125 


So the work progressed until the time of the outbreak in 1862. 
We then had three church organizations, containing an aggre¬ 
gate of about sixty-five native members, more than a third of 
whom were males. We had also commodious houses of worship, 
which were generally well filled on the Sabbath. We had been 
educating them in benevolent effort, and for several years their 
contributions to foreign missions would compare favorably with 
those of churches in Christian lands. 

We had also at this time a boarding school, at the Hazlewood 
Station, in which and in the other mission families were from 
eighteen to twenty scholars. Many of these had already 
learned to read and write and talk English. Mr. H. D. 
Cunningham was the steward of the boarding school. 

This was the state of the mission when in an unexpected 
hour the outbreak of August, 1862, burst upon us. There had 
been murmurings and surgings—there had been difficulties which 
were hardly quite overcome. And perhaps we ought to have 
foreseen the storm. But we did not. Providentially Mr. John 
P. Williamson had ten days before started on to Ohio. Being 
stationed at the Lower Agency, where the killing commenced, 
he might have been in more danger than we were up at the 
Yellow Medicine. But we all escaped safely—protected by the 
shield of God. Mr. Amos W. Huggins, a son of the associate 
of Dr. Williamson at Lac qui Parle, was killed by the Indians 
at that same Lac qui Parle. He was employed as a government 
teacher. A good man, who had a heart and a hand to labor 
for the Dakotas, he has gone to his reward. 

The weeks that followed the 18th of August, 1862, were dark 
weeks. The Dakota mission was broken up—the missionaries 
had been obliged to flee, and they had escaped only with the 
skin of their teeth—the mission houses and churches all plun¬ 
dered and burned to the ground—and the native church members 
scattered, perhaps worse than that—drawn or forced into the 
rebellion. White men said the Dakota mission was a failure— 
that if our teachings had been right, they would have prevented 
such an outbreak. We were dumb, because thou, Lord, didst it! 

But the vindication was coming. Even now John Other 
Day, a member of Dr. Williamson’s church had helped away 
sixty-two persons from the Agency at the Yellow Medicine. 


126 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


Our missionary party of forty-three were indebted for our 
escape to our Christian Indians, to an extent that we did not 
know of then. And while the troops under Gen. Sibley were 
at Fort Ridgely, making preparations to advance, Simon Ana- 
wanymane came into our lines with a white woman and three 
children who had been taken captive by the hostile Sioux. 
Simon was an elder in the Hazlewood church. A few days 
after this Lorenzo Lawrence, a member of the same church, 
brought down by canoes Mrs. DeCamp and her children and 
also a half-breed family. And when the battle of Wood Lake 
had been fought and our troops reached “ Camp Release,” 
nearly one hundred captive white women and children were 
delivered up. The majority of these were in the hands of the 
Christian Indians—having been procured from the hostile party 
by purchase or otherwise. It further appeared that the mem¬ 
bers of our churches had, with but a few exceptions, kept 
themselves aloof from participation in the uprising. But that 
was not all. It was moreover satisfactorily established that 
they had, from the beginning, resisted and withstood the 
rebellion, and they were the nucleus around which gathered 
and strengthened the counter revolution, which gave success to 
our campaign. 

So God’s word and work were vindicated. But He had 
mercies along with the judgments, in store for the Dakotas. 
And these mercies could come to them only by breaking down 
their pride and casting them down to the ground. 

Of the men who came into our hands by the surrender at 
Camp Release, more than three-fourths were Mdwakantonwans 
or Lower Sioux, who had generally refused education and the 
new religion. But now in their distress, they not only 
acknowledged the superior power of the white man, but their 
religion had been at fault—the gods had failed them. The 
education which they had before despised, they now gladly 
accepted. The prison at Mankato in the winter of 1862-3, was 
turned into a great school room. Among the prisoners were 
a few who had learned to read and write their own language. 
These became the teachers of the more than fhree hundred 
men confined there. In a few weeks two-thirds of these men had 
so far learned to read and write that they were writing letters 


THE DAKOTA MISSION. 


127 


to their families and friends at Fort Snelling. And what was 
done in the prison was done also in the camp. But the educa¬ 
tional movement in the camp, among the women and children 
at Fort Snelling, was not so universal and absorbing as at 
Mankato. More readers of the word of God were made during 
this one winter, than had been made by the combined efforts of 
the mission for more than a quarter of a century. We looked 
on and said, “ How easy it is for God to work.” 

Along with this educational movement was another still 
more remarkable. Dr. Williamson had commenced visiting 
and preaching to the convicts immediately after they were 
brought down to Mankato. A good deal of interest was man¬ 
ifested. Some individuals indicated a determination to change 
their religion. But it was not until after the executions that any 
general and deep interest was manifested. The Sabbath after 
the executions was the first time the prisoners were let out 
into the prison yard. They were still chained two and two 
together, except a few who had been for special reasons 
unchained. There was snow on the ground. But in that prison 
yard they gathered around Mr. Riggs, and stood a great con¬ 
gregation to praise Jehovah and to pray unto him and hear 
his word. 

The interest increased. Dr. Williamson continued to visit 
them. About mid-winter Mr. G. H. Pond received an invita¬ 
tion, from Indians with whom he was acquainted years before, 
to visit them in prison. He went up and spent a week or ten 
days at Mankato. During this time frequent daily meetings 
were held in the prison by Dr. Williamson and Mr. Pond. 
The whole multitude then and there abdicated their old religion 
and embraced the gospel. They wished to be baptized. And 
the brethren, after consultation with Mr. Hicks, the Presbyterian 
minister in Mankato, and subjecting them to such examination 
and instruction as was possible with such a number, proceeded 
to baptize in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy 
Ghost, about two hundred and fifty persons. Some, who 
preferred the Episcopal service, preferred to be baptized by 
Mr. Hinman. A few others were afterwards baptized by us. 

During the winter there was a somewhat similar religious 
movement in the camp at Fort Snelling. John P. Williamson 


128 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


was with them constantly and Mr. Riggs occasionally. Nearly 
one hundred persons were duty examined and received to the 
sealing ordinances of the church in the camp. A number also 
became connected with the Episcopalians. 

“ So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.” 

In the spring of 1863, the camp at Fort Snelling were, with 
the exception of about twenty families, removed to the Missouri 
River and located at Fort Thompson. The families exempted 
from removal to the Missouri were taken up to the frontiers— 
the men to be employed as scouts for the military. In this 
company are Paul and Simon and A. Renville and Napa-shne- 
doote, four of the six elders of our mission churches. John B. 
Renville, another elder, removed with his family to St. Anthony. 

The prisoners at Mankato were transferred to Camp 
McClellan, at Davenport, Iowa. 

Within the nearly two years that have since passed about 
one hundred more have, at various places, but chiefly at the 
prison and at Fort Thompson, been received to church fellow¬ 
ship. So that now, deducting for deaths and backsliders, 
there are about four hundred Dakotas who are connected with 
our mission church. 

Young Mr. Williamson has identified himself with the work 
on the Missouri, and has for his assistants at Fort Thompson, 
Mr. Edward Pond, son of Mr. G. H. Pond, who married Mary 
Frances Hopkins, daughter of Mr. R. Hopkins, who was 
drowned at Traverse des Sioux. 

The wonderful progress in education made since the outbreak 
has created a large demand for books, which for a time we 
could poorly meet. But several books have recently been pre¬ 
pared and electrotyped, which will give them a better supply 
than they have had before. 

There are, first, a new School Primer; second, a Dakota 
Catechism; third, Precept upon Precept, translated by Mr. 
John Renville; and lastly, The New Testament, with the 
books of Genesis and Proverbs from the Old. 

What the future will be we cannot tell. But we can safely 
say, thus far the Dakota mission has not been a failure. The 
Lord has wrought wonderfully for His own Name’s sake. 

St. Anthony, February , 1865. 


INDIAN WARFARE IN MINNESOTA 


BY REV, S. W. POND. 


The following is a brief account of the battles fought between 
the Dakotas of the Mississippi and Minnesota and their 
enemies, and the numbers killed on both sides in the course of 
ten j^ears, commencing in 1835. It is not a relation of events 
of great importance in themselves, but it is a fragment of 
Minnesota history, and may, at some future time be read with 
more interest than at present. I consider it of little value 
except as it may afford some help to any who may hereafter 
wish to form a correct idea of the nature and ordinary results 
of Indian warfare. 

This paper is little more than a copy of a record which I 
kept for many years, of the number of Dakotas killed by their 
enemies, and the number of their enemies killed by them, so 
far as it could be ascertained. There may have been some 
killed of whom I have no account,—probably there were,—but 
not many. Whenever an Indian was killed by a war party, 
the event, with the attending circumstances, was soon reported 
throughout the country, and for a long time furnished an 
interesting topic of conversation. And the report was generally 
correct, for the Indians were not in the habit of concealing 
their own loss, nor of exaggerating that of the enemy. 

The memorandum which I kept would have been made more 
full and interesting, if I had had any thoughts of making it 
public. Some defects in it I must supply from memory, and 
there may be some inaccuracies in this paper. I do not intend 
to have it contain any grave errors, and shall not draw on my 
imagination for the sake of making it interesting. 

17 


130 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

Iii recording the losses by war I shall give the number killed 
in each year by itself, beginning with 

1835. —In June, a party of Chippewas coming down the 
Mississippi on a peaceable visit to Fort Snelling, were waylaid 
and one of their number killed by the Dakotas. The murderers 
were arrested the next spring by the military at Fort Snelling. 

1836. —In March, a war party from Red Wing killed one 
Chippewa. About the same time a Sac Indian was killed by 
Jack Frazier, a half-breed from Red Wing. 

1837. —Thirteen Warpekute Dakotas were killed by the 
Sacs. 

1838. —In the spring, a Dakota of Wabasha’s band was 
killed on the Chippewa River in Wisconsin, by the Chippewas. 
They were pursued by the Dakotas and five of them killed. In 
April, eleven Dakotas were treacherously slain near the 
Chippewa River, about thirty miles from Lac qui Parle, by the 
Chippewas, led by the celebrated Hole-in-the-Day. The 
Chippewas pretended to be on a friendly visit to the Dakotas, 
and lay down with them in their tents, but rose on them in the 
night and killed them. The next day, my brother, Gr. H. Pond, 
aided by an Indian named Tate-mime, gathered the scattered 
fragments of their mutilated bodies and buried them. 

In July, about three months after the massacre, Hole-in-the- 
Day, with two or three others, made a visit to Fort Snelling. 
He went first to Patrick Quinn’s, who lived by the Mississippi, 
about a mile above Fort Snelling, and whose wife was a half- 
breed Chippewa. The Dakotas of the Lake Calhoun band 
heard of his arrival, and started out in a body to kill him, but 
the agent, Maj. Taliaferro, persuaded them to turn back, 
giving them leave to kill him, if they could, on his way home. 
The Dakotas seemed disposed to take the agent’s advice and 
started for home, but two of them whose relatives had been 
killed a short time before near Lac qui Parle, hid themselves 
near Quinn’s, and in the evening, as Hole-in-the-Day was 
passing with his companions from Quinn’s house to another 
near by, they killed one of them and wounded another, but the 
chief escaped, having exchanged some of his clothes or orna¬ 
ments with another of his party who was mistaken for him. 
One of the Dakotas was badly wounded. They were both 


INDIAN WARFARE IN MINNESOTA. 


131 


confined in the fort a while, but were finally released on con¬ 
dition that their friends should chastise them severely in the 
presence of the garrison. 

1839.—July 2nd, a son-in-law of the chief of the Lake 
Calhoun band was waylaid and killed near Lake Harriet by two 
Chippewas, said to be sons or step-sons of the man who was 
shot at Quinn’s the summer before. They belonged to Hole- 
in-tiie-Day’s band. 

A few days before this man was killed, several bands of 
Chippewas, consisting of men, women and children, met at 
Fort Snelling to transact business with the officers of the 
garrison. Hole-in-the-Day and his people came down the 
Mississippi in canoes. The Mille Lacs band came across by 
land, and others came down the St. Croix and up the Mississippi. 
They all started for home at the same time, each party return¬ 
ing by the way it came. 

The Mille Lacs Indians and those who came down the 
Mississippi, encamped the first night at the Falls of St. Anthony, 
and some of the Dakotas who paid them a visit there complained 
to Maj. Taliaferro that the Chippewas treated them in a rude, 
unfriendly manner. He advised them not to retaliate, but gave 
them permission to avenge themselves in case any of their 
number were killed. The report of the insulting and injurious 
manner in which some of the Dakotas had been treated by the 
Chippewas at the falls, spread rapidly among them, producing 
much excitement and preparing them for what followed. 

The day after the Chippewas left the falls on their return 
home, two men belonging to the party which came down the 
Mississippi, lay in ambush by the side of a path near Lake 
Harriet, and killed a Dakota as before stated. While the 
Chippewas were at the fort, two of them belonging to the band 
of Hole-in-the-Day, were seen wailing over the grave of the 
Chippewa who was killed at Quinn’s the year before. The 
Dakotas had no doubt that these two men had killed the Dakota 
at Lake Harriet. They also believed, and were right in their 
belief, that none of the Chippewas, except those who came down 
the Mississippi, knew that these men had remained behind. 
They determined, therefore, not to follow Hole-in-the-Day, 
who would be watching and probably ready for them, but to 


132 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


pursue the Mille Lacs and St. Croix Indians, who would suspect 
no danger. The agent had already given them permission to 
retaliate in case any of them should be killed. The military at 
Fort Snelling had no time to interfere, and such an opportunity 
as the}’ now had for taking a terrible vengeance does not often 
offer itself in the course of Indian warfare. When the chief, 
whose son-in-law was killed, told me that he should follow the 
Mille Lacs party because they w’ould be ignorant of the danger 
and unprepared for the encounter, he expressed some regret 
that the innocent should die for the guilty, but probably neither 
he nor any who went with him were less active or cruel in the 
work of destruction on account of any scruples of conscience. 
They were violating no rules of Indian warfare. The Mille 
Lacs Indians were Chippewas, and they were Chippewas who 
two years before had been guilty of the treacherous and 
cowardly massacre of the Dakotas near Lac qui Parle. 

The same day that the mau was killed at Lake Harriet, nearly 
all the able-bodied men of the Shakopee, Eagle Head, Good 
Road, Black Dog and Lake Calhoun bands assembled at the 
Falls of St. Anthony, and orders were there given by the leaders 
that no captives should be taken. 

They overtook the Chippewas on the morning of the Fourth 
of July before daylight, but kept themselves concealed, and 
did not commence the attack until some time after sunrise. 
They knew the Chippewas had no provisions, and that the 
hunters would be under the necessity of leaving the rest of the 
party to hunt for food. 

They therefore waited until some time after the hunters had 
left the camp, and until the women and the few men who were 
with them had started on their journey with their baggage on 
their backs before they attacked them. 

The Dakotas raised the war-whoop, but they said the Chippe¬ 
was did not at first seem to realize their danger, they stood a 
while with their burdens on their backs gazing on their pur¬ 
suers as though they did not know what to think of them. 
The Chippewas were thus taken by surprise, wholly unprepared, 
and about seventy of them were killed. The slain were most 
of them women and children. The few men who were present 
defended the women and children bravely, and sold their lives 


INDIAN WARFARE IN MINNESOTA. 


133 


dearty. After discharging their pieces they would retreat far 
enough to reload, and then stand again on the defensive, and 
continued to do so till they were killed. The Dakotas lost 
more men in that attack than they killed. 

Most of the young women escaped, the Dakotas being too 
much exhausted by their forced march to overtake them. The 
Chippewa hunters did not get to the scene of action soon 
enough to take any part in the fight, and the Dakotas avoided 
a conflict with them by a hasty retreat. 

At the same time the Kaposia band pursued the Chippewas 
who returned by the way of the Mississippi and St. Croix, and 
found them engaged in a drunken revel. Mr. Aitkin, a well 
known trader, was with them. They killed about twenty-five 
of them. At first there seemed likely to be a great slaughter 
among the drunken Chippewas, but the excitement and alarm 
seemed to sober them, and they finally repulsed the assailants, 
and pursued them some distance on their retreat. In both 
these attacks the Dakotas lost twenty-three men; the Chippe¬ 
was nearly a hundred—most of them women and children. 

1840. —In March, seven Dakotas from Red Wing killed a 
Chippewa woman and her two sons. 

June 17th, a Dakota named Longfoot and his wife were 
killed by Chippewas on the right bank of the Mississippi, near 
the mouth of the brook between Mendota and St. Paul. This 
year the Potawatomies killed two Dakota women near the Blue 
Earth River, and carried off two children. 

During the summer a war party from Wabasha fell in with 
a war party of Chippewas, and two were killed on each side. 

1841. —April 8th, three Chippewas came down the Mississippi 
in a canoe which they left between the Falls of St. Anthony 
and Minnehaha, and hid themselves in the night, in some 
bushes, on the bank of the river, near a foot path, about a 
mile above Fort Snelling. The next morning as Ivai-bo kah, 
a Dakota chief, with his son and another Indian, was passing 
by the place where the Chippewas lay in ambush, they killed 
his son and mortally wounded him. The Chippewas did not 
stay to take their scalps. I was on the spot before either of 
the men were dead, and saw the Chippewas leave the place 
loading their guns as they ran. 


134 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

May 11 tli, a war party from Kaposia fell in with two Chippe- 
was and killed one of them, but lost two of Big Thunder’s 
sons. Big Thunder was the chief of the Kaposia Indians and 
father of Little Crow. 

May 16th, a large war party from the Lake Calhoun, Good 
Road and Black Dog bands killed two Chippewa girls at 
Pokegama and $ost two of their own men. In July a war 
party from Kaposia killed a Chippewa below the mouth of the 
St. Croix. In the course of the summer, five Dakotas who went 
out against the Potawatomies, were all killed. 

In the fall, the Dakotas from Petit Rocher (near Fort 
Ridgely) killed thirteen Potawatomies. About the same time 
two Dakotas from Lac qui Parle were killed by Chippewas in 
the night while they were out on a hunting expedition. 

Near the same time a war party from Lac qui Parle had one 
of their number killed. 

1842. —March 14th, a war party from Kaposia killed one 
Chippewa and lost one Dakota, a son of Eagle Head, a chief. 

In June, the Chippewas made an attack on Big Thunder’s 
band at Kaposia and killed ten men, two women and one child. 
They lost four in the fight. In the fall the Chippewas killed 
one Dakota near Lac Travers. 

1843. —In April, the Chippewas killed a Dakota child near 
Kandiyohi. 

In June, a Chippewa war party killed two Dakotas at the 
fording place of the Chippewa River, near Lac qui Parle. 

About the same time the Dakotas killed a Chippewa on Rum 
River, and lost one of their own men. 

1844. —In the winter, Hole-in-the-Day’s band killed a Lac 
qui Parle Indian. 

In April, four Dakotas from Little Rapids (Carver) killed a 
Chippewa opposite the mouth of Rum River. 

I continued to keep a record of the numbers slain on both 
sides so long as the Indians remained in this region; but what 
I have here given is sufficient to show the nature and ordinary 
results of Indian warfare as it was carried on in Minnesota. 
The Indians spent a great deal of time in war, but their 
attempts to kill their enemies were not often very successful. 


INDIAN WARFARE IN MINNESOTA. 


135 


A very large majority of war parties returned without scalps, 
and of such parties I have kept no record. 

Small parties were usually more successful than large ones, 
as they could move with more celerity and secrecy. If the 
party was small it generally withdrew precipitately, after 
striking a single blow, or as soon as the enemy was alarmed 
whether it had succeeded in taking a scalp or not. If the 
party was a very strong one, and supplied with provisions, it 
might, after killing one or more, wait a while for an attack, but 
it was not the practice of the Indians, after having taken one 
or more scalps, to go on farther in quest of more, or remain 
in the enemies’ countiy after being discovered. 

No matter how many were in a war party, nor how far they 
had traveled in pursuit of the enemy, if a single scalp was 
taken the expedition was not considered a failure. Dakota 
w r ar parties were seldom led by the chiefs, though they some 
times accompanied them. They were led by volunteers, who 
claimed to receive their commission by revelation from some 
superior being who commanded them to make war, and promised 
them success. When such a leader offered himself, the warriors 
could do as they pleased about following him. If they had 
confidence in his abilities, or credentials, he could raise a large 
party. If not, he could get few followers. His office lasted 
only during the time of the expedition. Sometimes a few 
young men started off to look for scalps without the usual 
formalities and without a leader. Such small unauthorized 
parties were quite as likely to be successful as any. 

It will be seen by the above record that the Indians seldom 
fought sanguinary battles. They had no desire to fight battles 
where the forces on both sides were nearly equal. Such battles 
they carefully avoided. If two war parties met, as they some¬ 
times did, the meeting was accidental. In such a case there 
might be a little skirmishing, but seldom severe fighting. It 
was not their custom to look for armed men who were prepared 
to receive them. 

Since I have lived at Shakopee, the Chippewas killed a 
Dakota as he was in his canoe fishing in the river near my 
house. The event was immediately known, but though this was 
a strong band, much stronger than any war party of Chippewas 


136 MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 

was likely to be, they did not venture to attack them. The 
Chippewas spent the night not far from here, and though the 
Dakotas followed them a little way the next day, they were 
careful not to overtake them. 

At another time two men went over the river to hunt, and 
one of them soon returned and reported that his companion had 
been killed very near here by the Chippewas, yet they all 
waited twenty-four hours before thej^ ventured to bring home 
the dead body. In both these cases they were afraid of being 
drawn into ambush by a strong party of the enemy. 

They behaved differently when they were attacked here by 
Chippewas in the spring of 1858, but they were then encouraged 
by the presence of many white men, and perhaps were ashamed 
to refuse to cross the river and attack the enemy while so many 
spectators were looking on. 

When the Dakota was killed at Lake Harriet, I was there a 
few minutes after he was killed, and saw in the tall grass the 
trail of the Chippewas leading to a small cluster of young 
poplars. There were no tracks leading from the grove, and all 
knew that they were there. We afterwards learned that they 
remained there till dark. I urged the Indians to try to kill 
them, but though there were as mai^ as fifty armed Dakotas, 
they refused to go near them, and leaving them to escape, 
started off in pursuit of the Mille Lacs Indians. 

Indeed Indians consider it foolhardiness to make an attack 
where it is certain that some of them will be killed. 

Bloody battles were seldom fought by them except when the 
party attacked rallied and made an unexpected resistance. 
They occasionally performed exploits which none but brave 
men would undertake, and often fought with desperate valor in 
self-defence or in defence of their families. 

From the list of the slain which I have given, it will appear 
that the Indian warfare in this region for ten years, commenc¬ 
ing in 1835, was not attended with any very great destruction 
of human life, yet from what could be gathered from their own 
traditions it was a fair specimen of what their wars had been 
from time immemorial. Both Chippewas and Dakotas com¬ 
plained that the efforts of our Government to promote peace 
between the two tribes, rendered their condition more insecure 


INDIAN WARFARE IN MINNESOTA. 


137 


than when each one was left to take care of himself. That 
precarious peace often exposed them to dangers which in a 
state of open war they would have avoided. 

When Col. Snelling was in command at the fort he inflicted 
summary punishment on several Dakotas who had fired on a 
company of Chippewas who were encamped under the walls 
of Fort Snelling. They were arrested and handed over to the 
Chippewas, who shot them by the river, just above the fort, and 
their dead bodies w'ere thrown over the precipice by the soldiers 
of the garrison. 

This prompt and severe act of Col. Snelling’s made a salu¬ 
tary impression on the minds of both Chippewas and Dakotas, 
and for a time there was a suspension of hostilities, at least among 
those Indians who lived at no great distance from the fort. 
But the war was gradually renewed, and from 1835 onward 
there were probably, including the massacre on Rum River, 
quite as many killed as there would have been if there had 
been no United States troops in the country. 

Such a slaughter as that of the Mille Lacs Indians could 
hardly have been in the ordinary course of Indian warfare. 
The Chippewas would not have brought their women and chil¬ 
dren into the heart of the enemies’ country and left them 
unprotected, if they had not depended on the garrison at the 
fort for protection. There was another thing which caused the 
death of many whose lives would have been spared, if our 
Government had left the Indians to prosecute their wars in 
their own way. They were compelled to restore all captives 
taken in war, and they preferred scalps around which they 
could dance, to captives whom they could not retain. This was 
the avowed reason, and doubtless the true reason why none of 
the Mille Lacs Indians were captured. For many years, with 
very few exceptions, neither Dakotas nor Chippewas spared 
any of their enemies who fell into their hands, and this 
indiscriminate slaughter of all women and children would 
materially increase the number of the slain. 

I think we may reasonably conclude that the loss of life in 
the war carried on between the Dakotas and their enemies, was 
not much, if any less, most of the time after Fort Snelling was 
built, than it was before. We know that Indian wars have 
18 




138 


MINNESOTA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. 


sometimes been very destructive of human life. Weak tribes 
have been nearly exterminated. But these cases were rare. 
Indian wars are prosecuted with the utmost caution on both 
sides. Even war parties are very careful to keep out of danger, 
and every child is taught from infancy to be always on guard 
against the wiles of the enemy. This constant watchfulness 
renders it very difficult to take them by surprise. No indica¬ 
tion of the proximity of an enemy is unheeded. Every unusual 
alarm among beasts or birds is noticed, and every suspicious 
track is carefully examined. Such suspicious, incessant watch¬ 
fulness is the source of many false alarms, but it tends greatly 
to their security, so that though the Indians spend much time 
in war, they spend most of that time in vain, and as I have 
said before, a large majority of war parties return, without 
scalps. 

The Dakotas had traditionary accounts of very few battles 
where many were killed, yet such an event, if it occurred, 
would not be soon forgotten. They often spoke of an attack 
made by the Chippewas long ago, on a party of Dakotas who 
were encamped by the Mississippi, where Prescott now stands, 
in which many Dakotas were killed. Also of a very successful 
winter campaign made by them against the Chippewas some 
seventy or eighty years ago. But they told of very few great 
battles or great slaughters, and had preserved no definite 
account of the number killed. It is probable that some years, 
perhaps often, they lost more by murder and suicide than by 
war. 

Some persons who have resided in this country during the 
last thirty-five or forty years, will remember many interesting 
incidents connected with Indian hostilities, and if any of them 
read this paper they may wonder why so man}' of these events 
are passed over in silence. But to relate them all with any 
particularity would require a large volume, and my purpose 
was only to write a short article. 

Shakopee , March , 1870. 






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